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The Construction of Warfare Technology in Russian Military Thinking
Solovyeva, Anzhelika ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee) ; Eichler, Jan (referee)
The Construction of Warfare Technology in Russian Military Thinking Anzhelika Solovyeva Abstract This dissertation traces the dynamics of military-technological innovation in Russia over the last hundred and fifty years. The analysis relies extensively on primary data obtained from Russian archives, complemented by a series of expert interviews. The goal is to understand whether and to what extent Russia's respective discourses and practices constitute a distinct strategic cultural approach. The relationship between strategic culture and military- technological innovation is considered from two different, yet complementary, perspectives. From an empirical standpoint, the analysis is guided by six substantial arguments derived from the existing literature on Russian strategic culture, technology and military doctrine, interviews conducted by the author, and partially from the author's own knowledge of the problematic. In theoretical terms, this dissertation offers and graphically nuances a novel conceptual model, theorizing processes related to military-technological innovation and the role of strategic cultural frames. The last two arguments guiding the empirical focus of this dissertation are derived from the theoretical discussion. This model is subsequently applied to three case studies, with the key...
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International aspects of sentencing war criminals after 1945
Eichler, Jan ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
74 Summary Legal Aspects of International Punishment for Committing War Crimes after 1945 The Second World War was a global military conflict which involved majority of the world's nations and which became with more than 60 million victims the largest, deadliest and most devastating conflict in human history. The causes of the war were constituted by the consequences of the Treaty of Versailles, which enhanced the feeling of humiliation in defeated countries, especially in Germany, and economic crisis in the late twenties and thirties, commonly known as the Great Depression, which fundamentally undermined a large number of countries, thereby allowing the rise of the Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, and other totalitarian regimes throughout Europe. The Second World War has been accompanied with unprecedented level of crimes against humanity, war crimes and inhumane treatment of prisoners of war. Unlike all previous conflicts the course of the fighting much more affected civilian population and led to huge rate of casualties. Victims among civilians account for two thirds of the estimated 60 million victims. Many civilians died because of disease, starvation, massacres, bombing and deliberate genocidal actions and other war crimes committed by German as well as Japanese forces on the Axis-occupied territories. The...
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Cuban missile crisis through security dilemma theory view
Demko, Marián ; Eichler, Jan (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Bibliografický záznam DEMKO, Marián. Kubánska kríza z pohľadu teorie bezpečnostnej dilemy. Praha, 2016. 104 s. Rigorózna práca (PhDr.) Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut politologických studií. Katedra mezinárodních vztahů. Vedoucí diplomové práce Doc. PhDr. Jan Eichler, CSc. Abstract Subject of this work is Cuban missile crisis from security dilemma theory point of view. This crisis, as one of the most important confrontation between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during Cold War period, allows us to illustrate processes and dynamics of security dilemma in relations between superpowers. For analytical purposes, this work addresses several viewpoints of the issue. At the first place, it is theoretical viewpoint. Here the works focuses on neorealism, which was chosen as theoretical basis and on perception of international relations through its optic. As next it describes concept of security dilemma, as well as questions of security threats perception by actors of international relations and of mistakes, that can occur during that perception. Following is a historic viewpoint, where the work delivers brief chronological overview of progress of the crisis, as well as its final solution. Major part is then the analytical viewpoint. Here, in the first...
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An Effort to gain the first hegemony vs. the dissemination of the fragmentation of the power after the Cold War
Štaif, Vít ; Voráček, Emil (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
An Abstract The text focuses on the aim of the state politics to gain the position of the first global hegemony after the end of the Cold War. It observes, with the regard to the wide-ranging influence of the USA at that time, and to the important American visions about its character, especially their particular decisions. It tries to describe the way, which the other influential participants of the global politics, the states as well as those of other kind, used to express their reactions to this activity, and their relation to the USA, the strongest contender in the effort to acquire the first global hegemony. The power contest is here mainly introduced by the insight into the course of the conflicts, which they, after the end of the Cold War, faced and influenced. The text concentrates on those political and security challenges with, apart from the policies of the USA, the strong presence of the intervention of the international organizations, above all the UN, the NATO and the EU, or of the occassionally created alliances. The prospects of hegemonial possibilities is presented in the conclusion.
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Reconstructing Nuclear Deviance: Stigma Politics and the Rules of Nonproliferation Game
Smetana, Michal ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee) ; Grzelczyk, Virginie (referee)
In this dissertation, my aim is to unpack the relationship between deviant behavior and normative change in global nuclear politics. I draw on the interactionist approach in sociology to conceptualize "stigma politics" as an interactive, dynamic process of the social construction of deviance in international affairs. I connect these insights with contemporary IR theories on norm contestation to theorize the way how (re)constructions of deviance contest and affirm boundaries of appropriate behavior in social orders. I employ this theoretical perspective to study the (re)constructions of "nuclear deviance" in global nuclear order, and the dynamics of norms and rules in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty regime.
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European collaborative defense projects and the military capacity of the EU
Kalisky, Boris ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee)
Diploma thesis "European collaborative defense projects and the military capacity of the EU" is dealing with the realization of cooperative projects and with their influence on the development of military capacities of the European Union member states. The author examines the economic and military advantages of international defense collaboration. The optimal way of collaboration leads to lower development and production costs, higher quality of the product and better competitiveness on the market. The author uses selected European programs to test how the results are achieved in reality. Further author identifies the goals of the European Defense and Security Policy as they were set up by the European Union. Mainly the so called Petersberg Tasks. The author examines which military capabilities the European Union needs to build in order to realize the full scope of the Petersberg Tasks and whether the realized collaborative projects enhance the capabilities of the Union for these tasks.
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Strategic Culture of the Czech Republic
Beneš, Jan ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Jan Beneš Strategic Culture of the Czech Republic Abstract The aim of the dissertation is to define in a complex manner the strategic culture of the Czech Republic. Strategic culture is at first analysed as a conceptual phenomenon both in relation to strategy itself and to the theories of international relations. The dissertation introduces the different streams of thought about strategic culture and then studies the approaches of the key involved authors with a special focus on the discussion between the first and the third generation of strategic culture scholars. Concerning the fact that the strategic culture has been originally created for the study of the behaviour and strategic thought of major powers, the author analyses the historical and geostrategic peculiarities of a small state in the Central Europe and then defines own conceptual and methodological framework. Using the method of grounded theory, the important symbols and narratives from the Czech history as well as the most important moments in the Czech political and strategic thought and decision-making are being examined. The historical narratives re-appear and influence the decision-making, thinking and argumentation of the key actors in the Czech security community. The research of the key decisions and historical moments after the 1989 is...
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Control of territory as a factor for the effective implementation of a political objective of an Islamist violent non-state actor
Ludvík, Zdeněk ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee) ; Eichler, Jan (referee)
This thesis wants to make clear the theoretical concept in the form of a testable hypothesis on the relationship between the political control of the territory by a Violent Non-State Actor (VNSA) and the effectiveness of realization of its political objective (policies). Since in the literature there is no explicit theory or theorization that would reflect the varying degree of effectiveness with regard to the varying degree of territorial penetration, and there are no explicit parametric indicators and values that may be necessary for effective achievement of the political objective in relation to the territory, the purpose of the research will be to answer the question whether, how and to what extent the intensity of the physical penetration of the territory is related to the ability to more easily and efficiently achieve the goals for which the VNSA has been established and has strived. A general definition of threshold values of the penetration can also provide partial piece of knowledge for practical policies and approaches to territorial VNSA on the part of states (counterinsurgency actors). Although there is no explicit use of any of the theories of international relations in the research, the used theoretical framework is inspired by a) approaches to political geography and outlines of...
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Strategic Culture of the Czech Republic
Beneš, Jan ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Jan Beneš Strategic Culture of the Czech Republic Abstract The aim of the dissertation is to define in a complex manner the strategic culture of the Czech Republic. Strategic culture is at first analysed as a conceptual phenomenon both in relation to strategy itself and to the theories of international relations. The dissertation introduces the different streams of thought about strategic culture and then studies the approaches of the key involved authors with a special focus on the discussion between the first and the third generation of strategic culture scholars. Concerning the fact that the strategic culture has been originally created for the study of the behaviour and strategic thought of major powers, the author analyses the historical and geostrategic peculiarities of a small state in the Central Europe and then defines own conceptual and methodological framework. Using the method of grounded theory, the important symbols and narratives from the Czech history as well as the most important moments in the Czech political and strategic thought and decision-making are being examined. The historical narratives re-appear and influence the decision-making, thinking and argumentation of the key actors in the Czech security community. The research of the key decisions and historical moments after the 1989 is...
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Strategic Culture of the Czech Republic
Beneš, Jan ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Jan Beneš Strategic Culture of the Czech Republic Abstract The aim of the dissertation is to define in a complex manner the strategic culture of the Czech Republic. Strategic culture is at first analysed as a conceptual phenomenon both in relation to strategy itself and to the theories of international relations. The dissertation introduces the different streams of thought about strategic culture and then studies the approaches of the key involved authors with a special focus on the discussion between the first and the third generation of strategic culture scholars. Concerning the fact that the strategic culture has been originally created for the study of the behaviour and strategic thought of major powers, the author analyses the historical and geostrategic peculiarities of a small state in the Central Europe and then defines own conceptual and methodological framework. Using the method of grounded theory, the important symbols and narratives from the Czech history as well as the most important moments in the Czech political and strategic thought and decision-making are being examined. The historical narratives re-appear and influence the decision-making, thinking and argumentation of the key actors in the Czech security community. The research of the key decisions and historical moments after the 1989 is...
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