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Register analysis of online journalism
Sulimenko, Konstantin ; Cvrček, Václav (advisor) ; Mareš, Petr (referee)
The aim of the study is to map the language variability among mainstream media, political tabloids, and antisystem media on the Czech internet. To achieve this goal, a multidimensional analysis was applied to a large sample of 5905 texts from the ONLINE2_ARCHIVE corpus. The results of the analysis reveal which linguistic features and dimensions are common to all online media, as well as what are the main language and register differences between mainstream and antisystem media.
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Theory of interventions and the concept of minimal intervention
Cvrček, Václav ; Sgall, Petr (advisor) ; Čermák, František (referee) ; Kořenský, Jan (referee)
Theory of Interventions Theory of Interventions was elaborated as a general methodological and sociolinguistic theory describing 1) influences which can change the language development (types of intervention, their effect and their classification) and 2) the possible ways how to design relationship between linguists, speakers and language. According to this theory, language is an object which is exposed to interventions (metaphor of an Brownian motion from physics, p. 19). Among other possible divisions, interventions can be of two types: individual and institutionalized (p. 18). Individual interventions include processes of (self-)censorship, proofreading or language management in media. These interventions create a spontaneous order, they are plural and variable. Therefore they mutually interfere and their impact is very small or none (they almost never influence the immanent evolution of language). On the other hand, institutionalized interventions include processes leading to standardization of language, language education or language politics. Impact of institutionalized interventions can influence development of language, because they are monopoly and because of their authority.
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Comparison of a traditional dictionary description and a corpus of written Czech with regard to semantic prosody
Vovchuk, Oleksandr ; Cvrček, Václav (advisor) ; Hudousková, Andrea (referee)
Czech dictionaries were created in the pre-corpus era; it is thus clear that some of their entries don't take into account semantic prosody - the fact that some lexemes occur in particular contexts (consequences are always far-reaching or catastrophic, while intention can be both evil and noble). The aim of this thesis is to compare selected parts of a dictionary (randomly selected probe into Czech adjectives) with corpus material, define the extent of missing information in the current state of Czech language description and explore, how many per cent of information about entries is missing in contemporary dictionaries. We based our research on Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (Dictionary of Written Czech) and representative corpuses of written language SYN2005, or else SYN2010. Context analysis was carried out by means of statistical methods and collocation rates. The difference between dictionary definitions and information inferred from the corpus research could become a further guideline for creating a new dictionary (besides adding a whole range of new entries that are still missing in Czech dictionaries). Keywords lexicon, corpus, semantic prosody
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Position of Numerals in the Parts of Speech System
Paldusová, Michaela ; Cvrček, Václav (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
This thesis deals with the definition of numerals and its position in the system of words classes. First, briefly describes the history and current attitudes to general issue of parts- of- speech classification in the context of foreign and Czech linguistics. Subsequently, a different theoretical concepts Czech linguistics devoted to the issue of speech numerals from the mid-20th century to the present. Based on the contextual analysis of data from the database of the Czech National Corpus then verifies the current classification criteria of parts-of-speech classification. At the same time tests on a prototypical numerals new approach to the definition of numerals as separate species, based on the context units surveyed. Finally submits proposals that are based on statistically processed outputs of contextual analysis. Key words: numerals, classification of numerals, context analysis, Czech National Corpus, corpus analysis
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Conjunctions in spoken and written Czech
Tartakovskaya, Anastasia ; Cvrček, Václav (advisor) ; Hudousková, Andrea (referee)
TARTAKOVSKAYA, A., Conjunctions in spoken and written Czech Faculty of arts Charles University in Prague, 2012 Supervisor: Václav Cvrček, Ph.D. Number of pages: 74 + 6 attachments Key words: Conjunctions, written Czech language, spoken Czech language, word link, Czech National Corpus, secondary linking conjunctions, co-coordinating linking conjunctions Conjunctions in Czech language are still relatively poorly described in manuals and grammar books. The aim of the thesis is to investigate conjunctions in spoken and written language, their usage both in texts and in relations with neighboring words, further to compare their usage in written and spoken language. Theoretical background of this thesis is based on several works, which are devoted to this issue, either in whole or to some of its parts. However, the work itself is driven by the Czech National Corpus (hereafter CNC), namely the corpora SYN2005 and ORAL2008. First chapter deals with CNC and conjunctions in general, second investigates secondary linking conjunctions, their use in text types and surrounding words. The content of the third chapter incorporates the connecting conjunctions.
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The Theory of Communication as an Explanatory Principle for the Natural Multilevel Text Segmentation
Milička, Jiří ; Zemánek, Petr (advisor) ; Cvrček, Václav (referee) ; Altmann, Gabriel (referee)
1. Phonemes, words, clauses and sentences are not a logical necessity of language, unlike distinctive features and morphemes. 2. Despite this, such nested segmentation is very firmly present in languages and in our concepts of language description, 3. because nested segmentation and inserting redundancy on multiple levels is an efficient way to get the language signal through the burst-noise channel. 4. There are various strategies how redundancy can be added and what kind of redundancy can be added. 5. The segment delimiter is expressed by some additional information and the amount of delimiting information is independent from the length of the seg- ment it delimits. This principle can serve as a basis for a successful model for the Menzerath's relation.
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Authorship Attribution of Poetic Texts
Plecháč, Petr ; Cvrček, Václav (advisor) ; Milička, Jiří (referee) ; Mačutek, Ján (referee)
Title: Authorship Attribution of Poetic Texts Author: Mgr. Petr Plecháč, Ph.D. Department: Institute of Czech National Corpus Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Václav Cvrček, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Contemporary stylometry offers a number of methods for authorship recognition of po- etic texts based on a variety of textual features (e.g. word frequencies, frequencies of character n-grams). However, it seems that one important aspect of these texts has been rather left aside - this aspect is versification. The thesis uses four corpora of poetic texts (Czech, German, Spanish, and English) in order to analyze to what extent versification features - such as frequencies of rhythmic patterns or frequencies of various types of rhymes - may be used as an indicator of authorship. We show that (1) versification-based models significantly outperform the random baseline, (2) in some cases versification- based models even outperform the traditionally used lexical models, (3) in most of the cases combination of both types of models outperforms the given models alone. Versifi- cation features are consequently employed for the purpose of attribution of two texts of doubted authorship: (1) the versified play The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eigth which was originally published under the name of William Shakespeare, but where...
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Register variability of Czech internet texts
Henyš, Jan ; Cvrček, Václav (advisor) ; Lehečková, Eva (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse register variation among Czech internet texts. The method is based on multi-dimensional approach introduced by Douglas Biber. The initial part of the thesis describes various salient features of internet-based texts with their characteristics and examples. The following part offers an overall description of language variation research. The multi- dimensional analysis is then thoroughly described step-by-step. The practical part of the thesis pursues a multi-dimensional analysis of data sample obtained from a web-crawled corpus of Czech language, following the method of implementation of multi-dimensional analysis done on Czech language material. On the basis of the results, the characteristics of internet sub- registers are proposed.
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Critical Analysis of Language Ideologies in Czech Public Discourse
Dufek, Ondřej ; Šebesta, Karel (advisor) ; Cvrček, Václav (referee) ; Mrázková, Kamila (referee)
The thesis deals with language ideologies in Czech public discourse. After introducing its topic, motivation and structure in the opening chapter, it devotes the second chapter to a thorough analysis of the research field of language ideologies. It presents various ways of defining them, two different approaches to them and a few key features which characterize language ideologies. The relation of language ideologies and other related notions is outlined, possibilities and ways of investigation are surveyed. Some remarks focus on existing lists or glossaries of language ideologies. The core of this chapter is an original, complex definition of language ideologies grounded in a critical reflection of approaches up to now. The third chapter summarizes relevant existing findings and on that basis, it formulates the main aim of the thesis - to make a contribution to knowledge on the foundations and ways of conceptualizing language in Czech public discourse. The fourth chapter elaborates the methodological frame of the thesis. Critical discourse analysis is chosen as a basis - its basics are summarized, main critical comments are considered and a partial solutions are proposed in use of corpus linguistics' tools. Another part of this chapter concerns with keyness as one of the dominant principles used...
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