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UN Peacekeeping in the Early 1990s: Evaluation of the outcomes of second-generation operations with Chapter VII mandates
Matějková, Monika ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
This Master's Thesis is devoted to the United Nations peacekeeping, particularly second- generation operations in the early 1990s and their evaluation. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the (lack of) success of the selected missions, which were the first examples of operations authorized under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations. The theoretical part focuses on the concept of peacekeeping itself, historical development, types of peace operations and literature review, as there are various criteria on how to evaluate peacekeeping missions. For the purpose of this thesis, the work examines three peace operations - the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), the United Nations Missions in Somalia (UNOSOM I and UNOSOM II) and the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL). The case studies provide a brief overview of the conflict, the main roots of the conflict, a response from the international community, deployment of the mission and its evaluation according to the selected framework. Furthermore, the supplementary discussion regarding the development and situation in the country in the aftermath of the mission's withdrawal enriches the case study. The thesis concludes with the evaluation of the outcomes of second-generation operations with Chapter VII mandates and aims...
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Examining the Growth of Private Military Contractors and their Applications in State Stability in Latin America
Austman, Connor ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee)
Private military companies have rapidly filled in many operational force capacities that national militaries now longer have the capabilities to fill natively. As such, PMCs have expanded their rosters as well as their services provided to fill in many roles, and have carried out many such roles such as logistics management, personal and site security, and some inherently state functions such as training indigenous security forces and interrogation of prisoners. This rise has impacted national militaries in many facets of their operations and abstract professional bases. The ability of the PMC to carry out operations at the same standard as regular soldiers but with higher pay has impacted how the regular soldier views their own place in the professional national military, and creates problems for the establishment as a whole. This thesis will discuss the Iraq War as a case study and the impact of PMCs on the war, as well as introduce the Huntingtonian theories of soldier professionalism and corporateness, and will also employ a critical Marxist perspective to analyse the role and impact of PMCs in the modern military convention and in civil-military relations.
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Demise and Disintegration of Nationalist Terrorist Groups
Štekl, Jakub ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Kocmanová, Markéta (referee)
The thesis is focused on the process of demise and disintegration of nationalist terrorist groups. The case studies of terrorism in Northern Ireland and Basque region in Spain demonstrate and analyze the development of local terrorist organizations from the beginning to the cessation of violent actions. An emphasis is put especially on the end of armed campaign and transformation of nationalist activities within a legal framework. In the case of Northern Ireland, the focus is put on the activities of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) from the beginning of the Troubles to the Belfast Agreement in 1998. The research in this thesis includes the influence of affiliated political parties - Sinn Féin in this case - on the process of negotiations and the continuation of Northern Irish nationalism after the end of armed campaign. The Basque case is devoted to the development of Basque nationalism since the beginning of the 20th century, the creation and development of Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) and its terrorist campaign within both the Francoist regime and Spanish democracy. An emphasis is put on the development of the organization until its official dissolution in 2018, activities of the political parties of the Nationalist Left affiliated to ETA and the attitude of Spanish authorities to...
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The impact of the involvement of hired military units on the course, outcome and consequences of conflicts in Afrika
Šebek, David ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee)
This research is focused on detecting the impact of rental units on internal conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa. The thesis is based on the discussed issue of the legitimate possibility of engaging such units in a conflict. As part of the academic discussion, there are many arguments for both for and against the usage of such units. The aim of the thesis is investigating if there are any and possibly what are the impacts of rental units are on the course, outcome and consequences of the conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa. During the work, firstly, there is division of rent units into private military companies and mercenaries of the classical style and their delimitation is based primarily on the point of view of international law. Here is the lack of internationally legal anchoring and regulation of private military companies. It is also necessary to distinguish between mercenary from other foreign participants in the conflict, defined as volunteers for this work. Due to the inadequacy of post-war recovery theory, it was necessary to develop parameters describing post-war development, a set of macroeconomic indicators aimed at developing both the economy and the quality of life of citizens. The development of these indicators is examined within ten years after the end of the wars. Part of the thesis is...
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Counter-Terrorism in Georgia
Putkaradze, Kakha ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee)
Master thesis by the name of "Counter-terrorism in Georgia" aims at investigating antiterrorism environment in Post-Soviet Georgia. Thesis deals with the terrorist challenges faced by our country and implemented preventive measures. Moreover, it outlines geopolitical, regional processes in line with ongoing events in Georgia, showcases possible impacts of abovementioned events on the following regions: Pankisi Gorge, South-West of Georgia, border lines with Armenia and Azerbaijan. Also, our work demonstrates the statistics and ratio of terrorist activities performed in Georgia with the frequency of worldwide terrorist activities. Master thesis attempts to thoroughly cover terrorism and antiterrorism topics, which will greatly contribute to researchers interested in this field.
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MINUSMA and the United Nation's Turn to Counter-terrorism and Counter-insurgency
van Oppen Ardanaz, Gabriel ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Bruner, Tomáš (referee)
This Master's thesis will focus on the newest trends in the field of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations that are moving the organization to unknown territory by deploying in theatres where missions are faced with asymmetric threats. In this regard, the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), constituted as a groundbreaking and innovative peacekeeping operation, is spearheading a realignment in peacekeeping that can potentially shape future operations to come, as mandates increasingly reflect roles in areas such as counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism. The core objective of this study will be to analyze why MINUSMA is being forced to go green while studying how it is doing so, reflecting on past experiences from other operations such as the International Stabilization Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan and the Multi-National Force in Iraq (MNF-I), that have guided changes in MINUSMA's doctrines and capabilities. Gabriel van Oppen Ardanaz
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United we stand? European strategic culture in the fight against terrorism
Cailler, Natacha Isabelle ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee)
United we stand? European strategic culture in the fight against terrorism Abstract As Europe has become a major target of terrorist attacks, especially since 2015, there has been a growing demand for action from the governments. France and Germany have been among those countries affected by the current terrorist threat. Calls for increased European integration and cooperation have been heard and highlight the need for the building of an integrated and comprehensive counterterrorist framework within the European Union. The idea that a common European strategic culture regarding the fight against terrorism might be a significant tool to achieve such a goal is burgeoning in the minds of many. This research project analyses the French and German response to terrorism through the popular discourse towards terrorism, the threat perception of terrorism and immigration, the modalities of the use of force and the institutional structure of counterterrorism. It features the building of a common European strategic culture when addressing Jihadi terrorism. Natacha Cailler
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Comparison of EU's and ASEAN's counterterrorism efforts
Massita, Natalia ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
In the past decade, the political world has seen a shift on the global institutions strategies on the fight against terrorism. The aftermath of the 9/11 launched an unprecedented fear over terrorist organizations and demanded immediate actions from global leaders. In this scenario, the cooperation among global institutions became necessary in order to formulate political strategies for counter-terrorism actions. Therefore, this research explores how the EU and ASEAN formulate their policies in the fight against terrorism with a main focus on the comparative analysis between these two organizations. The thesis will aim to analyze the legal and the organizational structure in order to understand the main gaps and the developments that EU and ASEAN acquired by their counter-terrorism measures. Structurally, first some historical background on terrorism and on the agenda of the institutions will be provided in order to give some basic knowledge on the matter. Second, the author will describe the efforts fulfilled by the counter-terrorism agenda and finally, a comparative analysis will be conducted for a broader understanding of the policies to fight terrorist groups.
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Reassembling Airport Security: An Actor-Network Theory Account of Security Production
Komasová, Sarah ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Vittek, Peter (referee) ; Leese, Matthias (referee)
Airport security represents a crucial part of civil aviation worldwide. Due to its substantial impact upon millions of passengers daily, it is bound to provoke questions about proportionality and sufficiency. Drawing on the insights from Actor-network Theory (ANT) and a medium- term field research at Václav Havel Airport Prague, which entailed a mix of qualitative-oriented research methods from participant observation to interviews, this thesis examines the nature and production of airport security as a network of chains of translation. These chains turn or translate according to their own logics of veridiction of all incoming actants, both human and non-human, from an insecure status to a secure one. In their translation, they are guided by three respective logics of division, movement and visibility, which have already been identified in previous studies of airport security. Going beyond the existing state of the art, this thesis specifically inquires into the components of chains of translation, particularly the airport security technologies and their interactions with humans, and focuses on instances where either of these logics or the veridiction logics, intersect, thus disclosing their own nature and presence. Furthermore, this thesis identifies spatiality and identity as two complementary...
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Comparison of EU's and ASEAN's counterterrorism efforts
Massita, Natalia ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
In the past decade, the political world has seen a shift on the global institutions strategies on the fight against terrorism. The aftermath of the 9/11 launched an unprecedented fear over terrorist organizations and demanded immediate actions from global leaders. In this scenario, the cooperation among global institutions became necessary in order to formulate political strategies for counter-terrorism actions. Therefore, this research explores how the EU and ASEAN formulate their policies in the fight against terrorism with a main focus on the comparative analysis between these two organizations. The thesis will aim to analyze the legal and the organizational structure in order to understand the main gaps and the developments that EU and ASEAN acquired by their counter-terrorism measures. Structurally, first some historical background on terrorism and on the agenda of the institutions will be provided in order to give some basic knowledge on the matter. Second, the author will describe the efforts fulfilled by the counter-terrorism agenda and finally, a comparative analysis will be conducted for a broader understanding of the policies to fight terrorist groups.
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