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The Gaulish and its prints in French
Frantalová, Anna ; Blažek, Václav (advisor) ; Vacula, Richard (referee)
Bachelor thesis Gaulish and its traces in French deals with the topic of Gaulish as one of the languages, which was in past spoken at the area of today's France and which in a relatively important way influenced the actual French, more precisely left its traces in it. The main purpose of this thesis is to create a coherent descriptive work which will as a first in Czech deal about Gaulish and which will point out its influences on actual French and therethroug it opens a possibility to further and more detailed research. The first part of the thesis deals with Gaulish in general which means its historical definition, sociolinguistic influences in reation to Latin, reflexion of the accessible archeological and literary sources of studies of this language and the general context and then also the position of Gaulish within celtic languages and its basic characteristics from the linguistic point of view. The second part of the thesis is focused on formo f Gaulish in different parts of languague studies, so the gaulish phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax and last not least the vocabulary. Each of these part sis completed with a reflection of gaulish traces in actual French.
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Scandinavian elements in the language of Old East Slavic legal codes
Štěříková, Hana ; Lemeškin, Ilja (advisor) ; Blažek, Václav (referee) ; Starý, Jiří (referee)
The doctoral thesis Scandinavian elements in the language of Old East Slavic legal codes consists of three main parts. The first of them puts the topic in connection with previous research and assorts it both according to chronology and ideologic influences, that have had a grave impact on scientific publications concerning the disputes over Varangians and the beginning of East-Slavic history. The lack of scientific objectivity shows not only in historical studies, but also in philological works, since linguistics played only a helping role in order to deliver proofs in favour of preferred theories. The second part of the thesis researches historiographic works of Swedish diplomat Petrus Petreius (early 17th century) and thus contributes to the polemic about who was the first normanist. The analysis shows that Petreius was a skillful compiler, but is not to be considered the first normanist. His works don't include any ideological links between Swedish politics towards Russia and Gothicism either. The third part of the thesis examines history and semantics of three Old East Slavic terms ябедник (yabednik), тиун (tiun) аnd гридь (gridʼ) and their derivatives. The author describes their occurence in historical sources and development in both morphology and semantics up to the present day and makes...
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Aplication of Cladistic Methodology to the study of culturally transmitted characters
Rexová, Kateřina ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Hypša, Václav (referee) ; Blažek, Václav (referee)
Summarv The PhD thesisis basedon thefollowing papers: Cr.a,orsrrc ANALysrs oF LANGUAcBS:INoo-Eunopo,c,N CLASSIFICATION BASED ON LEXICOSTATTSTICAL DATA RexováK' FryntaD,Zrzaý J (2003) Cladistics19:120-127 Phylogeny of the Indo-European (IE) language family is reconstructed by application of the cladistic methodology to the lexicostatistical datasetcollected by Dyen (about200 meanings,84 speech varieties, the Hittite language used as a functional outgroup). Three different methods of character coding provide treesthat show: (a) presenceof four groups,viz., Balto-Slavonic clade, Romano-Germano-Celtic clade, Armenian-Greek group,and Indo-Iraniangroup (the two last groups possibly paraphyletic), (b) unstable position of the Albanian language,(c) unstablepatternof the basalmost IE differentiation, but (d) probable existence of the Balto-Slavonic-Indo-Iranian(''satem'') and the Romano-GeÍnano- Celtic ( + Albanian?) superclades.The results are compared with the phenetic approach to lexicostatistical data, whose results are significantly less informative concerning the basal pattern.The results suggest a predominantly branching pattern of the basic vocabulary phylogeny and little borrowing of individual words. Different scenarios of IE differentiation based on archaeolosical and geneticinformation are discussed.
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Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages
Novák, Ľubomír ; Zemánek, Petr (advisor) ; Blažek, Václav (referee) ; Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (referee)
Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages The presented dissertation aims to bring new information concerning the classification of the Eastern Iranian languages. Instead of commonly accepted two branches of Eastern Iranian (Northern and Southern) it seems that there can be classified at least five branches of Eastern Iranian languages, moreover, Avestan can form its own branch, which possibly may include also Khwārezmian. The main issue of the presented thesis was to show archaisms and innovations of the language group in focus. Such task is an issue for numerous studies so the main attention was paid to historical development of Sogdian and Yaghnōbī - two closely related Eastern Iranian languages. Linguistic proximity of Sogdian and Yaghnōbī has been observed shortly after discoveries of the first Sogdian documents in Chinese Turkestan on the beginning of the 20 th century, for a long time it has been supposed that Yaghnōbī is a modern descendent of Sogdian. By analysis of phonology, grammar and vocabulary of both languages I tried to find clues that may answer this question. From diachronic view there is no much difference between Sogdian and Yaghnōbī, individual changes may be interpreted as "dialectal", but there is one phenomenon that influenced different...
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Latin and Romance elements in Albanian
Gramelová, Lucie ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor) ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (referee) ; Blažek, Václav (referee)
In Albanian, there is more than eight hundred Latin and Romance loanwords. The suggested chronological stratification is following: 1) Latin loanwords, 2) Balkan-Romance loanwords, 3) loanwords from the time of Via Egnatia and 4) Venetian loanwords. By the chronological classification of the words is decisive both the phonetic development of the word and the semantical point of view. Many loanwords went through dramatical phonetic development, which can be characterised by neutralisations and syncopes. The oldest Latin loanwords are those from the field of religion, craft, construction or transport; in the Balkan-Romance phase we find many pastoral words, names of the plants and animals or names of the body parts, some cultural words, marine words or some articles of daily use. The study of Latin loanwords offers a new view on the ethnogenesis of Albanian people and the question of their Illyrian origin. Together with the interdisciplinary view (history, archeology, zoology etc.) we come to the conclusion that Albanians met Latin first in the northern part of the Balkan peninsula and later in the time of the Slavic expansions they were in an intense contact with the romanized Vlah people in the mountains of Central Balkan.
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The Gaulish and its prints in French
Frantalová, Anna ; Blažek, Václav (advisor) ; Vacula, Richard (referee)
Bachelor thesis Gaulish and its traces in French deals with the topic of Gaulish as one of the languages, which was in past spoken at the area of today's France and which in a relatively important way influenced the actual French, more precisely left its traces in it. The main purpose of this thesis is to create a coherent descriptive work which will as a first in Czech deal about Gaulish and which will point out its influences on actual French and therethroug it opens a possibility to further and more detailed research. The first part of the thesis deals with Gaulish in general which means its historical definition, sociolinguistic influences in reation to Latin, reflexion of the accessible archeological and literary sources of studies of this language and the general context and then also the position of Gaulish within celtic languages and its basic characteristics from the linguistic point of view. The second part of the thesis is focused on formo f Gaulish in different parts of languague studies, so the gaulish phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax and last not least the vocabulary. Each of these part sis completed with a reflection of gaulish traces in actual French.
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