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The most common sports injuries of motocross riders and possibilities of their prevention
Syrový, Dominik ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee)
Title: The most common injuries of motocross riders and their prevention Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess the frequency of sports injuries sustained by motocross riders in the Czech Republic in year 2021. The thesis, based on a questionnaire survey, also discovers standards of usage of protective equipment and the impact of fitness training (including regeneration). Methods: The thesis uses the method of an anonymous non-standardized questionnaire to analyze the most frequent sports injuries as well as the frequency of usage of protective gear, forms of fitness training, and regeneration in 2021. Respondents were approached directly or via hobby communities and groups on a social network. The analysis itself was carried out in Microsoft Excel. Results: The research group was comprised of 128 respondents who were divided into three categories according to their performance level: hobby - 76, competitive - 35, professional - 17. In compliance with the survey results, the riders in 2021 suffered on average 10,6 contusions per person, 1,7 fracture per person (both predominantly of the upper limb), and 4,7 injuries of joint soft tissues or organs (predominantly in the knee area). The number of injuries, as well as aches in dorsal and cervical areas, rose with the higher level of...
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Synthesis of peptides as potential ligands of aspartate protease HIV and MAY1 and confirmation of their inhibitory activity
Klikarová, Ivana ; Šácha, Pavel (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee)
The lentivirus known as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted through blood and body fluids, causing the destruction of CD4 lymphocytes and leading to opportunistic infections that define acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The urgent need for new antiretroviral drugs stems from concerns about the long-term toxicity of existing drugs, HIV-1 variants resistant to treatment, and frequent changes in patient treatment. Drug development is focused on inhibitors of two viral enzymes, reverse transcriptase and protease. Antiretroviral therapy uses protease inhibitors in combination with nucleoside analogs to effectively suppress viral replication, prolonging the lives of HIV-infected patients and reducing morbidity. Cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii infections primarily affect the immunocompromised population and have high morbidity and mortality rates. Resistance to commonly used antifungals has been emerging, making it more difficult to treat these infections. Protease inhibitor components used in antiretroviral therapies have shown some clinical efficacy in these opportunistic infections, particularly in Major Aspartyl peptidase 1, an aspartate protease belonging to the same family of proteases as the HIV protease. To search for low molecular weight peptide ligands,...
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Analysis of the most common injuries among the players of floorball aged 7-18 and the influence of the compensatory methods on their prevention
Zakonov, Filip ; Vomáčková, Helena (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee)
Author: Bc. Filip Zakonov Supervisor: PhDr. Helena Vomáčková, Ph.D. Title: Analysis of the most common injuries among the players of floorball aged 7-18 and the influence of the compensatory methods on their prevention. Objectives: The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the most common injuries among young people who regularly play floorball and find out the effect of the intervention of a physiotherapist or the application of compensatory exercises in the training process on the incidence of injuries. It is also important to compare the availability of physiotherapists for individual youth teams and whether the provided care is sufficient to prevent injuries. Furthermore, the aim is to verify whether the most affected segment even among floorball youth is the ankle joint, which in studies focused on the adult category has repeatedly emerged as the most frequently injured area of all parts of the body. Moreover, my effort is to evaluate the most common causes of injuries - whether a collision with another player is more probable risk factor than an injury caused by one's own fault. Methods: The special part consists of a study that was conducted using a non- standardized questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was sent deliberately in an electronic form to all clubs in the Czech Republic via the...
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Preparation and characterization of vesiculin, a two-chain protein derived from IGF-2
Mrzílková, Karolína ; Žáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Pačesová, Andrea (referee)
Hormones of insulin family are one of the most studied groups of proteins due to their connection to large number of diseases including type two diabetes mellitus, tumorigenesis and some neurodegenerative diseases. The newest member of this superfamily is a two-chain analogue of IGF-2 called vesiculin. This peptide was originally isolated from secretory granules of mouse βTC6-F7 cell line and is currently believed to have a endocrine or paracrine effect on pancreatic β-cells. Its sequence homology with IGF-2 and structural similarity to insulin foreshadows vesiculin's potential metabolic, proliferation and growth properties and further secures its place as scientifically interesting and clinically lucrative topic. The insulin theme is corelated with insulin resistance, pathological state present primarily in early stages of development of type two diabetes mellitus. Vesiculin is able to stimulate glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis even in this condition which differentiates it form insulin and IGF-2 whose glucoregulatory activity is blunted in face of insulin resistance. Further research of vesiculin and insulin family receptor interaction, including dimeric tyrosinekinase receptor for IGF-1 and insulin, but also monomeric IGF-2 receptor, can provide more knowledge on character of this binding...
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Physiological functioning of preptin and its analogs
Mrázková, Lucie ; Žáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Obšilová, Veronika (referee)
Preptin is a 34 amino acid long peptide that is derived from pro-IGF2, where it is cleaved from its E-domain and produced together with the matured IGF2. In my thesis we prepared two full-length preptins (mouse and human) and 8 preptin analogues (fragments with or without olefin metathesis). The full-length preptins as well as the preptin fragments were synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Mouse or human preptin served as our reference molecule for comparison with the results of bioassays of preptin analogues. All substances were tested for different biological activities to further elucidate the effect of preptin as a possible biologically active substance. We tested the effect on insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, indirectly in- vestigated the effect on bone cell proliferation and tried to approach the discovery of a possible receptor for preptin. From all our results we found that although preptin or some of its analogues have a higher effect than controls, the results are not consistent and the effect is not significantly higher. We were unsuccessful in our search for a receptor, despite having done a number of saturation experiments with radiolabelled preptin in many cell types. We also ruled out at the outset by binding experiments the possibility that preptin is able to bind...
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Lipidized analogs of prolactin-releasing peptide as potential agents for obesity therapy: search for mechanism of action
Karnošová, Alena ; Maletínská, Lenka (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee) ; Janovská, Petra (referee)
Obesity is a common metabolic condition that is becoming more prevalent globally, but current treatments have limitations. Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), a neuropeptide that reduces food intake after administration to the third ventricle, loses this ability when administered peripherally. However, lipidization of peptides enhances their stability in the bloodstream and facilitates their central effect after peripheral administration. We developed lipidized analogs of PrRP, which have high potential as a treatment option for obesity. We previously demonstrated that peripheral administration of lipidized PrRP analogs led to a substantial reduction in food intake and body weight in mice, with palm-PrRP31 and palm11 -PrRP31 emerging as key analogs. In this study, we aimed to further investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of these two PrRP31 analogs in vitro. Natural PrRP31 binds to its receptor GPR10 and with high affinity to neuropeptide FF receptor type 2 (NPFFR2), which are both expressed in regions involved in food intake regulation. The palmitoylation of PrRP31 increased their binding and agonist properties for both GPR10 and NPFFR2 receptors. Lipidized analogs exhibited a stronger affinity also for another neuropeptide FF receptor, NPFFR1, suggesting that NPFFR1 could be a new potential...
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Prevention of health risks among volleyball and beach volleyball players
Drahorádová, Olga ; Carboch, Jan (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee)
Title: Injuries in volleyball and beach volleyball and their prevention Objectives: The main goal of this diploma thesis is to compare the most common injuries in volleyball and beach volleyball in the Czech Republic and to find out their experience of subsequent recovery. Another goal is to find out what injury prevention athletes use and what experience they have with physiotherapy. Methods: Data were used from a non-standardized questionnaire which was filled out by Czech players of volleyball and beach volleyball. The obtained data were processed by software Microsoft Excel into tables and graphs. The questionnaire was completed by a total of 102 respondents. Results: It was evaluated that the highest frequency of injuries is found in the area of the ankle, knee joints and fingers in volleyball players. Conversely, beach players have a most injuries in the area of the lumbar spine and shoulder joints. They most often use kinesio tape of the compensatory aids and massage is the most popular from the forms of regeneration. Keywords: injuries, questionnaire, physiotherapy, Czech Republic
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Case report of physiotherapeutic care of a patient after knee joint arthroscopy
Krajíček, Jakub ; Žáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Reckziegelová, Petra (referee)
Author: Jakub Krajíček Title: A case report of physiotherapeutic care of a patient after knee joint arthroscopy Objective: The aim of the theoretical part of this bachelor theses was to present the problems of knee joint including the description of arthroscopy as a surgical procedure. In the practical part a case report of physiotherapeutic care of a patient with a relevant diagnosis is then presented. Methods: This bachelor thesis is primarily divided into two parts, a theoretical part and a special part. The theoretical part deals with functional anatomy and biomechanics of the knee joint, arthroscopy of the knee joint, examination methods and procedures specifically focused on the given segment including special tests, the final part consists of the theoretical basis of therapeutic methods used in this thesis. The special part consists of a case report of a patient with whom I worked during my continuous practice at the Homolka Hospital. It consists of input and output kinesiological analysis, 8 therapeutic units and evaluation of the effect of therapy including discussion. Results: When comparing input and output values, there was an improvement in most aspects. I see the most important progress as an improvement in stability on one lower limb, an increase in muscle strength and a change in...
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Case study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient with Diagnosis Guillain-Barré syndrome
Starková, Izabela ; Žáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Vrbický, David (referee)
Author: Izabela Starková Title: Case study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient with Diagnosis Guillain-Barré syndrome Aim: The main goals of this bachelor thesis is to summarize known facts about the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome and then present a case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with this diagnosis. Summary: This thesis is divided into a theoretical and special part. The focus of the theoretical part is the diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome, it's characteristics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatement and rehabilitation. The special part consist of a case study of a patient effected with Guillain-Barré syndrome. The special part is divided into initial and final examination, describtion of the physiotherapy sessions, assesment of effectivnes of the treatement and discussion. Results: We could see improvement in the pactient's physical condition. Lenghthening of shorthened muscle groups was achieved as well as improvement in strenght, stability, gait and ADL. Keywords: Guillain-Barré syndrome, Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, case study
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EMG analysis of the hip joint muscles in runners with iliotibial band syndrome
Procházková, Kateřina ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee)
Title: EMG analysis of the hip joint muscles in runners with iliotibial band syndrome Objectives: The main aim of this thesis was to analyse bilateral difference in activity of the hip joint muscles in runners with iliotibial band syndrome. Second aim was also to determine the role of limb dominance in the formation of ITBS. Methods: Twenty-two runners with ITBS underwent EMG muscle testing. M. tensor fasciae latae, m. gluteus medius and m. gluteus maximus were tested during dynamic movements on one lower limb. These included squat, vertical jump and jump off the box. Results were expressed as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Results: The results indicate a significantly higher activity of the gluteus maximus muscle on the affected lower limb (41.55%) compared to the unaffected (27.50%) during the box jump exercise (p= 0.00926). The m. tensor fasciae latae and m. gluteus medius muscles did not show significant bilateral asymmetrical activity. The results did not show a connection between the dominant lower limb and the side of the ITBS formation. Keywords: iliotibial band syndrome, ITBS, running biomechanics, electromyography, EMG, m. gluteus medius, m. tensor fasciae latae, m. gluteus maximus, lateral knee pain, tractus iliotibialis, long distance runners
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