National Repository of Grey Literature 8 records found  Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Evolutionary-developmental study of membrane proteins
Vosolsobě, Stanislav ; Schwarzerová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Baluška, František (referee) ; Štorchová, Helena (referee)
Evolutionary-developmental study of membrane proteins Mgr. Stanislav Vosolsobě Abstract Using a plethora of experimental approaches for phylogenetical and functional study on several membrane signalling proteins, I brought new evidences supporting a hypothesis that the molecular evolution of protein families is a highly dynamic, not conservative, process. In DREPP family of calcium-binding peripherally-associated plasma-membrane proteins I found a broad flexibility in protein-membrane binding manners coupled with a many independent duplication of this Euphyllophyta-clade specific plant gene. In three families of auxin transporting proteins, PIN-FORMED, LAX and PILS, I showed that emergences of these proteins are uncorrelated and placed on different levels of the plant kingdom phylogenetic tree. However these proteins ensure very fundamental plant morphogenetic processes, like cell differentiation, organ formation or tropisms, with strong effects of their deleterious mutations, I found many gene radiations and losses on a all taxonomic levels in these families, evidencing that key and shared physiological processes may be realised by genes touched by a recently undergoing evolution. Evolutionary-developmental synthesis of a functional and phylogenetic data must be done with caution due to high risk of...
Transcriptional response of plants to genotoxic stress and water deficit
Libus, Jiří ; Štorchová, Helena (advisor) ; Cvrčková, Fatima (referee) ; Kovařík, Aleš (referee)
7 Conclusions 1) cDNA array was prepared and used to assay transcript abundances of 376 selected Ara- bidopsis transcripts following various treatments with MMS. a) LoTrEC, clustering algorithm based on local trends of expression profiles, was de- signed and applied to the data. It succeeded to discover functionally rellevant clusters of expression profiles. b) Transcriptional responses to various MMS treatment regimes were investigated. While high MMS concentration seemed only to induce nonspecific stress reaction, the low and combined MMS resulted in a set of more specific expression changes. c) Expression levels of five transcripts were estimated by qRT-PCR. Trends of most of the profiles were confirmed. 2) Expression of 3 genes related to drought stress and/or response to cytokinin were mea- sured by qRT-PCR in wild type and ZOG1 transgenic plants. Transcript levels of all the genes were altered by water deficit. a) Although there are no significant macroscopic differences between wild type and ZOG1 transgenic plants, the mRNA abundances appeared to be influenced by the genotype. b) Leaf position (age) significantly influenced the expression of cig1 and ZOG1 driven by SAG12 promoter. c) RT primed with oligo-dT appeared more eficient than random hexanucleotide-primed reaction for 3 out of 5 mRNAs...
Organellar DNA diversity in some ornamental plants related to reproduction system and life strategy
Osama Mohamed Elansary, Hosam ; Štorchová, Helena (advisor) ; Bureš, Petr (referee) ; Chrtek, Jindřich (referee)
124 7. Conclusions The purpose of this Ph.D. work was oriented towards two points. 1. The analysis of organellar diversity among three plant species (Silene vulgaris, Silene latifolia and Aldrovanda vesiculosa). The three plant species had different morphological and physiological characters. The focus here was on two physiological points. 1.1. The reproduction system which is directly correlated with the mitochondrial DNA (in the case of CMS). This point was presented in the comparison between Silene vulgaris and Silene latifolia. 1.2. The different life strategy which is directly correlated with the organellar DNA diversity. This point was presented by the comparison between the two Silene species from one side and Aldrovanda vesiculosa from the other side. The later usually propagate vegetatively and live in different media (water), it present different life strategy under the umbrella of angiosperms. 2. The analysis of the inheritance of mitochondrial and chloroplast genome in Silene vulgaris. The study of this inheritance was facilitated by the high polymorphism available in the organellar DNA. This polymorphism could be detected by the different molecular markers used in this study. These molecular markers included either, gene coding regions markers previously used by D.E.McCauley and his team...
Identification and expression of genes engaged in flowering of a model plant Chenopodium rubrum.
Cháb, David ; Štorchová, Helena (advisor) ; Kovařík, Aleš (referee) ; Smýkal, Petr (referee)
Summary: Study presentedin this PhD thesis focusedon the molecularbasis of flowering inductionin a short-dayplantChenopodiumrubrum.We lookedfor respectivehomologsof CONSTANS (CO), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FZ) and LEAFT (LF"I) genes,which act as crucialregulatorsin thephotoperiod-dependentsignalpathvtayinArabidopsisthaliana. We identifiedtwoFT-like (FTL) genesCTFTL| aCTFTL2 ditreringin theirexpression pattemsin tefraploidC. rubrun. CTFTLI showedrhythmicexpressionpeakingin midday. ElevatedexpressionoÍCrFTL| wascorrelatedwithfloweringunderpermissivephotoperiodic treatnents,whereasit was not expressedat all undernon inductivephotoperiďic regimes' CrFTL2 showedconstitutiveexpression.CrFTL| verylikely playsa Íoleas a floral inducer, butthefunctionof CTFTL2remarnsunknown. Two CO-lil&e (COZ) genes CTCOLI a CTCOL2 identified inC. rubrum are altemativelysplicedandproducetwovariantsoftranscripts.Oneofthem wasstandardwith oneintronlocatedin conservativesite,theotheronehadanadditionalintronconespondingto the90bp regionofthe first exon.This typeofaltemativesplicinghasnotbeendescribedin other lnown CoL gercs. All forms of fanscripts show allmost identicď rhythmic Eanscriptionalpattsmspeakingat the end of the night and differ only in the level of individualmRNA. Light stronglyinhibitednanscriptionofboth CrCOtr genes. We have ďso...
The role of polyploidisation in the evolution of the genus Chenopodium with a focus on Chenopodium quinoa
Babčanová, Natália ; Štorchová, Helena (advisor) ; Cvrčková, Fatima (referee)
Chenopodium is a cosmopolitan paraphyletic genus. Belongs to the Amaranthaceae family and the Chenopodioideae monophyletic subfamily. Diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species are found in almost all evolution branches of Chenopodioideae, in the case of Chenopodium album, different degrees of ploidy occur within a single species. The degree of ploidy is an important factor in the study of evolution and phylogenetic relationships between Chenopodium species and it also affects the speciation and morphology. The genus Chenopodium includes weeds as well as cultivated crops, such as Chenopodium quinoa, Ch. pallidicaule, Ch. ambrosioides or Swaeda foliosa. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is the best known species of the Chenopodium genus. It is an allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 36), derived from the same albeit not yet known diploid parents as a closely related tetraploid Ch. berlandieri. Some of its alleles segregate as in a functional diploid, which complicates genetic analyses and breeding efforts. This species features high genetic variability due to gene flow between weed and crop populations and some other evolution processes that are affected by polyploidy. Quinoa is referred to as a pseudocereal and it has been used as a crop in South America as early as in the Inca times. It can survive at locations unsuitable...

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