National Repository of Grey Literature 36 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
The role of laypersons in the ethics committee for assessment of clinical research in the Czech Republic
Kašková, Petra ; Doskočil, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šimek, Jiří (referee)
The clinical research is an indispensable part of the progress in medicine, therapy, but also in diagnosis. It is really necessary to realize the complexity of the ethical issues to explore the unknown on a human body. When ethically considerating it is necessary to come from the respect and protection of the dignity and human rights who take part in the clinical trials and these interests should always prioritize over the scientific and social interests. A crucial role in the clinical research regulation has the ethics committee. Members of the ethics committees shall have some professional behaviour, some experience and moral credit to be able to review clinical trials. Just members of the ethics committes can answer the queries regarding the mission and the purpose of the ethics committees work at all. Ethics committees have different representation in different countries. Ethics committees in the Czech Republic are composed of the experts - doctors and the laypersons, so lay people representing especially patients. In the theoretical section we present the history of the clinical research and impact of the research ethics committee. We present informed consent as a key document for patients entering the clinical trials. We also describe the activities and legislation of the ethics committee and...
Informed consent
Roiková, Kateřina ; Šimek, Jiří (advisor)
Informed consent is one of the most important institutes of medical law and medical ethics. Any medical procedure may be performed only with the free consent of the patient and the patient must be appropriately doctor informed about all circumstances procedure which should subsequently based on the diagnosis undergo. The patient has the right to withdraw your consent at any time
Moral arguments in consideration of courts when applying law
Šimek, Jiří ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee)
This thesis deals with relationship of law and morals from the perspective of a judge applying the law. It starts by defining morals as a normative system which determines what is good and what is bad. Bad morals are punished by social sanction. The relationship of content of morals and law can be described as an intersection. There are three possible relationships of the area of law and morals regarding their respective application: (i) area which should be regulated only by moral rules; (ii) area which should be regulated only by law; and (iii) common area for both normative systems. Morals can penetrate reasoning of a judge applying the law at least in three ways: Firstly, Legislator can order the judge to drag a moral norm into his consideration. Such an order is called boni mores (dobré mravy) in Czech legal system (used in Section 3 or Section 39 of Czech Civil Code). Secondly, the school of phenomenology hermeneutics claims that any interpretation, thus interpretation of law as well, is conditioned by existence of so called pre-structures. We cannot get rid of these structures, they create necessary interpretative frame of interpreting individual. Moral feelings or moral attitudes are parts of these pre-structures. Morals can project to the decision-making of judge knowingly or unknowingly through...
The Role of Physical Impairment in a Partnership (Medical Anthropology)
Kovářová, Eva ; Šimek, Jiří (advisor) ; Klepal, Jaroslav (referee)
Couples of a physically disabled person and an able bodied one are being considered odd and exceptional by many people and furthermore associated with many prejudices and myths. The most common is probably the assumption of this relationship as an unequal and being rather a kind of carer and cared. The aim of this thesis has been to uncover the world of a couple of a person with acquired physical disability and his/her able bodied partner and to determine the impact of a physical disability and physical limitations stemming from the impairment on the inner life of the couple, a character of this relationship and the impact of the physical impairment on the social roles of the physically disabled person as a partner or potentially a parent. Acquired physical disability as a consequence of a spinal cord injury or a disease is a sudden and essential change in all three areas of a human being - physical, mental and social. In case of pre-injury/illness relationships I have been interested in the impact of this fundamental and unchangeable turnaround of existing conditions and life style on the couple. The theoretical phrame for this thesis has been phenomenological philosophy for its concern in the subjective experience regarded as a basis for further investigation and analysis and for its concept of...
Women's Free Will in the Caesarean Section Indication
Křepelka, Petr ; Payne, Jan (advisor) ; Šimek, Jiří (referee) ; Calda, Pavel (referee)
Currently, Caesarean section is the most commonly indicated procedure. The proportion of caesarean deliveries continues to rise and the spectrum of surgical indications has broadened dramatically. This contemplation focuses on the ethical dilemmas arising during the indication of a Caesarean section: a refusal of a Caesarean section by a pregnant woman when there is a rationally-empirical indication and an enforced Caesarean section. The importance of the woman free will in the process of operating indication closely relates to the issue of the Caesarean section upon request. The assessment of the ethical acceptability of the individual surgical indications is performed on the grounds of confrontation of the pregnant woman's dignity and the dignity of human fetus and subsequently by reflections on theoretical duties and resulting parental responsibilities on the one hand and the right to self-determination of a pregnant women on the other. The fetal dignity is given by its value, attributed to it by the pregnant woman and by the human society. It has always been inferior to the dignity of a pregnant woman. Determining of specific positive duties a pregnant woman has towards the fetus is a very controversial issue and it is impossible to codify them legally despite the unquestionable social character of a...
The meaning of the dead donor rule in current transplantion ethics
Rusinová, Kateřina ; Šimek, Jiří (advisor) ; Kieslichová, Eva (referee) ; Hříbek, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis presents current understanding of the concept of death and criteria for diagno- sis of death in the context of organ donation. We will argue that 1) the dead donor rule should not be the necessary condition for retrieving organs for transplantation and 2) it should be permissible to retrieve organs from patients that are imminently dying (not dead yet), with respect to the principle of autonomy and non-maleficence. We will first present the impossibility and current inconsistencies in determining the exact "moment of death" and we will then demonstrate that current organ donors do not fulfill biological criteria for death and that the dead donor rule is not respected in clinical practice. We suggest that in the context of recent major technological advances in the field of critical care medicine the dead donor rule becomes irrelevant and does not contribute to the transplantation ethics. The legal concept of death and the biological phenomenon of death become more and more distant. We argue that declaring death is not necessary for ethically justified policy in transplantation. Both the societal trust and the protection of vulnerable individuals can be ensured by different ethical principles (i.e. the principle of autonomy and the principle of non- maleficence). The sound ethical...
Ethics of doctor-patient relationship in dentistry
Pipková, Irena ; Bednář, Miloslav (advisor) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee) ; Šimek, Jiří (referee)
The work involves comparingethical values in the general population without serious damage to the general health, and in pacients within overal disease where i tis clear that the scale of values of the two groups are different. From futher examinations came some additional insights /see Chapter 4 d/ and chapter 5 work/. Results and conclusions are in line with Anglo-Saxon literature/ European and overseas/ and our own experience with treating pacients. No medical industry can not fully ensure full health of pacients. There is a set of values focused on specific medical professions and their own core values. These parameters set values based on many aspects of professional decision meking. And those serve to assess the pacientś needs. How to treat and the doctorś own medical approach to the pacient with severe overal ilness correspondens to the hierarchy of ethical values in Ozar-Sokol scheme. Proposal of six major ethical values concerning dentistry and access to treatment and justice in distribution and alocation of resources in surgical pacients with variety of serious medical interventions: heart surgery, transplants, etc./ ethical values contribute to the proces of decision- making in case of conflict. Not all Ozar-Sokol scheme recognizes those. From the perspective of pacients with serious...
What Does - To Be in the Beginning - Mean II.
Šimek, Jiří ; LJUBKOVÁ, Marta (advisor) ; MAKONJ, Karel (referee)
In this master thesis I am analyzing the process of two author performances GoG & LONELiNESS & STUFF. I am trying to write down basic methods and assumptions for my own author work without scenario where the beginning of the whole process is only a theme or a literally model (which is more likely main inspiration source rather than pattern). All those methods and assumptions, I call Beginning which is a word that represents them in the best possible way. That is also a reason for naming my thesis What does -to be in the beginning- mean, this name should represent my never ending searching of more sophisticated way of developing theatre performance. The whole thesis begins with a chapter called Starting-points, which collection of most important things I learned in the Department of alternative and puppet department. The chapter is divided into parts according to the teachers who took turns in leading main subject Acting. In every part I tried to write about the way of influencing my approach to author work. Middle part consists of two chapters GoG and LONELiNESS & STUFF where I describe my own work on concrete cases from process of rehearsing both performances. In both chapters I describe my own new methods and experiences. Putting both processes in context, and trying to explain differences. And I also try to find a connection between the chapter Starting-points and concrete cases from my own author work. The whole thesis ends by a chapter What does to be in the beginning mean where I summarize and generalize issues which we were solving during our author work and I also try to establish requirements for really creative way of creating author performance. Main message of this thesis is to look back on my own work. Also, from my point of view, establishing ideal way of creative process and defining spectator as co-creator of theatre performance. Where this ideal way of creative process doesn’t exist because the point upgrades my own ability to constant adapt and change, act intuitively.

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