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Study of Transfer of Musk Compounds in Abiotic and Biotic Components of Aquatic Ecosystems
Zouhar, Libor ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Sokol, Jozef (referee) ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work was focused on the determination of musk compounds in various components of the environment. Synthetic musk compounds are organic substances commonly used as fragrant constituents of detergents, perfumes, cosmetics and other personal care products (PCPs). These compounds contaminate the aquatic environment through municipal wastewater from sewage treatment plants. The result is accumulation of these analytes in the environment and their occurrence in food chain. Synthetic fragrances are commonly detected also in human body; these substances generally belong among relatively new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) because of their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. The aim of this work was to optimize the methods for the determination of selected synthetic fragrances in wastewater (municipal, industrial) and in fish muscle. These analytes were determined in wastewater [the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Brno – Modřice, cosmetic manufacturing plant] and in fish Squalius cephalus that had been caught in the river Svratka. The selected analytes (14 substances) originate from the group of nitromusk, polycyclic musk and linear musk compounds. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) [for wastewater samples] and pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) [for fish samples] were used for isolation of analytes from real samples. The identification and quantification of analytes were carried out by high resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). The results show that galaxolide (g.L-1) and tonalide (tenths of g.L-1) were polycyclic musk compounds which were found at the highest concentration level in influent and also in effluent samples from the WWTP Brno – Modřice. The most extended nitromusk compound was musk ketone (hundredths of g.L-1). Linear musk compounds were detected in all influent samples (g.L-1). The overall removal efficiency of synthetic musk compounds from wastewater in the WWTP varies within the following ranges: nitromusk compounds 34.4 % – 85.4 %, polycyclic musk compounds 36.7 % – 53.3 % and linear musk compounds 90.5 % – 99.9 %. On the basis of the results it can be stated that wastewater (effluent from the WWTP) is the primary source of musk compounds, especially of the polycyclic ones in the environment. It has been also shown that ultrafiltration used in a cosmetic plant is a highly efficient technology for removing nitromusk and polycyclic musk compounds from industry wastewater. The results from evaluation of the fish contamination by musk compounds show that galaxolide was the substance which reached the highest concentration levels (tens of g.kg-1 l.w.). The results corroborate ubiquitous occurrence of musk compounds in the environment and reduction of using of nitromusk compounds due to their potential toxic properties. It has been shown that the insufficiency of the purifying procedures used in the WWTP Brno – Modřice has a significant influence on the concentration level of polycyclic musk compounds (tonalide, galaxolide) in fish caught from the river Svratka.
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Odor analysis program for experimental electronic nose
Janošíková, Pavla ; Szendiuch, Ivan (referee) ; Adámek, Martin (advisor)
This work deals with processing data acquired from sensory device known as electronic nose. The work introduces readers to a few possible designes of electronic noses and to some of the best known analysis for odor recognition that are used in food industry. The work focus on a principal component analysis and a creation of program that process data from a simple electronic nose. The program not only receives data, but it even saves them and process them for better clarity of results. Using this program it is possible to create a new database and identify an unknown sample if its data are already stored in database. The part of this work is an experiment to see if the created program is able to recognize some odors better then a human nose.
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Musk compounds in water biota
Zouhar, Libor ; Stoupalová, Michaela (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic musk compounds (MUSK) or synthetic fragrances are organic substances commonly used as fragrant constituents of perfumes, detergents, cosmetics and personal care products. These compounds are discharged after use via domestic wastewater and sewage treatment plants to the aquatic environment. The result is accumulation in the environment and occurrence in a food chain especially of aquatic and marine ecosystems. Synthetic musk compounds are also found in surface water, fish tissues and also in body fluid (blood, urine, milk) and tissues of human body. Quantitative detection and studying properties of these compounds is an important activity because we have low knowledge about their fate in the environment (persistence, bioaccumulation) and toxicity. This diploma thesis is focused on three commonly used synthetic fragrances – tonalide, musk ketone and musk xylene. The base of this study was to perform a method optimisation for the determination of selected compounds in water and water biota (fish). The aim was determination of selected musk compounds in real samples (water, fish) and evaluation of the results. Pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) for fish samples and solid phase microextraction (SPME) for water samples were used for isolation of analytes from samples. The identification and quantification of analytes was carried out by high resolution gas chromatography – mass spectrometry.
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Contamination of environment of musk compounds
Tobková, Lenka ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic musk compounds are artificial organic substances commonly used as fragrant constituents of personal care products as parfums, cosmetics, detergents, in-house cleaning and washing agents. Given their large area of applications and their ability to be persistent, they leaked into all parts of ecosystem, especially aquatic one. There have been a big focus on studiyng these compounds, their properties and fate in the different parts of ecosystems in the last years. The aim of master's thesis was carry out the determination of five representatives (habanolide, exaltolide, ambrettolide, musk MC4 and ethylene brassylate) of macrocyclic musk compounds in waste water samples from influent and effluent of three water treatment plants (WWTP Brno-Modřice, WWTP Lednice and WWTP Mikulov). One of the main tasks was to perform a method optimisation for the determination of selected musk compounds in waste water and evaluation and interpretation of the results. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique was used for the extraction of analytes, consequently gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for analysis of selected analytes. Following evaluation the removal efficiency of musk compounds in the waste water treatment plant was assessed.
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Evaluation of occurence of musk compounds in water ecosystem
Tobková, Lenka ; Zouhar, Libor (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is concerned with synthetic musk compounds and their presence in the environment, particularly in water ecosystem. The thesis contains fundamental classification of synthetic musk compounds together with specification and detailed description of their most significant representatives. Among them are linalool, citronellol, and isobornyle acetate which will be studied further in master’s thesis. Fundamental physical-chemical properties of these odoriferous compounds and their toxicological and environmental impact are studied. Also part of this thesis is a detailed description of synthetic musk compounds’ analytical determination.
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Synthetic aromatic substances in wastewaters
Tylichová, Petra ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic fragrances are artificially synthetised organic compounds which are used as fragrant substances in assorted personal care products, perfumes, cosmetics, soaps, detergents, cleansing articles, etc. So-called musk compounds creates significant group of synthetic fragrances which are distinguished by specific fragrance reminiscent of musk. Recently great attention is devoted to musk compounds because they were proved in different units of environment. The aim of diploma thesis was determination of selected linear musk compounds (arocet, aroflorone, linalool 925, lilial, isoamyl salicylate) in real samples of waste water in the influent and effluent from the sewage treatment plant Brno-Modřice. At first optimization of selected method was performed and then this method was used for own determination. Analytes were extracted by solid phase microextraction (SPME) from sample. Method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used for own analysis. The results were used for evaluation of efficiency of removing linear musk compounds from waste water.
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The portable device for aroma detecting in food industry
Beneš, David ; Jankovský, Jaroslav (referee) ; Adámek, Martin (advisor)
This work deals with the construction of a simple cheap portable device that allows the measurement and recognition of aromas in food industry using semiconductor gas sensors with the ability to share measurement data to a remote server. The device is controlled by Arduino development platform, enriched by two modules. Work shortly apprises readers with aroma monitoring in food industry and development board Arduino which contains ATMega series microcontroller and with module for network communication. This work also includes a measurement sample and review using the proposed circuit.
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Possibilities of using spices in the production of ham salami
Vershinina, Alina ; Szotkowski, Martin (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the possibilities of using different spices, specifically cumin, nutmeg, allspice and marjoram, in the production of ham cuts. The aim of the work is to investigate the effect of these spices on the taste, aroma and other sensory properties of the ham cut and to assess their contribution to improving the overall quality of the product. The methodology includes the collection of samples of ham cut with various additions of spices, the performance of sensory analysis and chemical analysis for the identification and quantification of phenolic substances present in individual spices. Subsequently, the results will be evaluated and their significance for the production of ham cuts will be discussed. The results of this work could contribute to a better understanding of the use of spices in the production of meat products and provide data for the optimization of recipes and processes in the food industry.
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Laboratorní test disasortativního párování u hraboše polního - literární rešerše
BÍLKOVÁ, Pavlína
Petrásková P. (2019): Laboratorní test disasortativního párování u hraboše polního - literární rešerše [Laboratory test of disassortative pairing in the common vole - literature search. Bc. Thesis in Czech]-49 pp. , Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. The aim of this work is to use the literature research to map current knowledge about the effect of odour preference on reproductive success in mammals focusing on voles. As assortative pairing is referred to each form of non-random pairing. Most of the time is meant a situation in which individuals who have similar phenotypes pair more often. The opposite is the situation where individuals with different phenotypes pair more often. This is sometimes referred to as negative assortative or disassortative pairing. In particular, this study deals with non-random pairing among to body odour . These are mainly linked to genes for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in animals, which play a key role in the immune system. MHC gene products found in various body secretions form the specific odour of each individual. In the research part were searched question for following questions: How is the breeding partner chosen? Is Assortative or Disassortative Pairing More Frequent? What information does body odour convey? What channels is the odour information transmitted and received? How is odour preference testing solved in laboratory conditions? In the practical part, a plan of the experiment is presented in which T-labyrinth will play the main role in determining the odour preference. Under laboratory conditions, voles will have plenty of time to complete the process
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Vplyv vône na dopyt po občerstvení v Slovenskom národnom divadle
Letašiová, Lucia
Letašiová, L. The influence of smell on demand for refreshments in The Slovak National Theatre. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2017. In this thesis the influence of smell is examined using a sensory marketing in the attempt to sway the consumers' decision making in relation to choosing the refreshments in this cultural environment. The goal is also to identify other factors apart from the sense of smell that can be influential for the visitor in buying and to create a recommendation leading into higher sales and profit based on identified information. The research was held during two performances, when the visitors to The Slovak National Theatre were exposed to the influence of the scent and the purchase of selected refreshments was tracked. The outcome values were then compared to values gained during normal duty without the scent influence and analysed. The sale was increased in two out of three tracked items, a coffee and a strudel to be exact. Other factors that could have possibly influenced the outcome are mostly the limited time for sales or other scents indoors, as more of the people stated.
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