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Vliv různých způsobů zpracování půdy na její zhutnění
Chlaň, Filip
The bachelor thesis investigates soil compaction and changes in soil physical properties in different tillage systems. The experiments were based on heavy soil in a potato production area. Three tillage methods were used, the first was ploughing, then shallow tillage and chiselling. For each variant, Kopecky physical cylinders were taken and the penetrometric resistance of the soil was measured on two dates, after tillage and after spring barley harvest. From the Kopecky physical rolls, the reduced bulk density, porosity, minimum air capacity and soil moisture content were determined. Soil resistivity in the soil profile was determined with a penetrometer. Spring barley was then sown in the experiments and its yield was measured to assess the effect of tillage and possible compaction on this parameter. The results show a positive effect of minimization technologies on compaction resistance, whereas tillage was more prone to compaction according to the results. In the first term of measurement, better values of physical properties were recorded for ploughing, but in the second term, ploughing deteriorated. The minimization technologies showed similar values in the first and second measurement. However, the results showed that neither variant showed significant soil compaction with deterioration of soil properties. Similarly, the yield was not different between the variants.
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Senzorické vlastnosti sladiny
Piechová, Hana
Beer foaminess is one of the main sensory properties of beer. Polypeptides have a positive effect on foam formation, while lipids have a negative effect. The wort contains both types of substances, but it does not foam by itself due to a lack of carbon dioxide. The aim of the thesis is to find out whether there is any influence of a particular variety and year on the foaminess of the wort. 14 varieties of spring malting barley were monitored at nine locations from the harvest between the years 2020 and 2022. The foaming of the wort was measured on a 1-CUBE type FA device at the Research Institute of Brewing and Malting (Výzkumný ústav pivovarský a sladařský, a. s.). The found foaminess values of the wort were clearly influenced by 30% by year and by 33% by variety. What is statistically significant is that the lowest foaming rate of the varieties was found in the 2020 harvest. The average stability of the wort foaming was 170 s and for individual varieties it ranged from 111–220 s. The statistically significantly lowest foaming stability of the wort was observed in the Overture and KWS Amadora varieties, the highest values of the wort foaming were found in the LG Ester and Spitfire varieties. The KWS Amadora variety showed the greatest foaming variability (70%), the LG Stamgast showed the lowest variability (18.5%). The foaminess of the wort can potentially predict the foaminess of beer.
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Vliv způsobu hospodaření na stabilitu struktury půdy
Káňa, Dominik
The results of selected variants of long-term small-plot field trials with spring barley and winter wheat in Žabčice (maize production area) and Ivanovice na Hané (sugar beet production area) in 2018-2021 are evaluated in terms of soil aggregate stability (SAS), grain yield, cost-effectiveness and economic efficiency using analysis of variance. In a spring barley monoculture grown since 1970 in Žabčice, straw harvested and ploughing in combination with increasing rates of ammonium sulphate nitrogen were evaluated. Variants with ploughed straw achieved on average by 0.51 t/ha higher yield compared to variants with harvested straw. As the nitrogen rate increased, SAS values increased in leaps for harvested straw and gradually for ploughed straw. For both straw treatments, the most economically efficient variants were those with a N rate of 60 kg/ha for malting and 30 kg/ha for feed quality grain. In Žabčice and Ivanovice na Hané, direct sowing, soil loosening and ploughing were evaluated for the establishment of winter wheat after alfalfa, and spring barley after sugar beet. These tillage methods were manifested to different degrees at the two sites. In Žabčice, comparable or high grain yields were achieved for both crops by direct drilling. In Ivanovice na Hané, grain yields were comparable for all variants, except for the significantly higher yield of direct sowing of spring barley after sugar beet. Higher SAS values were found for all evaluated variants in Žabčice. When winter wheat was grown after alfalfa, the differences between tillage variants were small. When growing spring barley after sugar beet, SAS values increased gradually with tillage intensity at both locations. Direct drilling of both crops and at both locations was estimated to be the most economically efficient. From the results obtained, a direct relationship between the stability of soil aggregates and grain yield could not be inferred. Although SAS is considered to be an important indicator of soil quality and fertility, it should always be evaluated in relation to other soil properties and management practices. The effects of processes affected by cultivation measures on SAS should therefore be assessed in a comprehensive manner, taking into account all available information.
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Economical efficiency of selected crops growing in conventional and organic farming system - case study
POKORNÁ, Kamila
The diploma thesis focused the economic efficiency of growing oat and spring barley in a conventional and organic farming system during 2018 to 2022. The thesis is divided into two parts, the literary part and the practical part. The literary part describes economic efficiency, agriculture, agricultural subsidies and selected crops. The practical part includes calculating the profitability of crops in both systems. The basic rate of profitability was determined based on the revenues, purchase prices and costs of each business. In the end, financial support in the form of subsidies to which the selected companies are entitled are added to the calculation of profitability. In addition to the calculation itself, the thesis includes the causes of the resulting difference in efficiency between the two systems.
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Rozdíly v zaplevelení širokořádkových a úzkořádkových plodin
Kubínek, Marek
The task of this bachelor's thesis was evaluate weeds and evaluate the differences in weeding of narrow-row and wide-row crops. The evaluation took place on the land of AGROPOD Podolí a.s. and at the private farmer Ing. František Kubínek. Weeds were observed per 1 m2 in winter wheat, spring barley, maize and annual sunflower. The results were statistically evaluated using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). In narrowrow crops, weeds were recorded mainly from the families Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Convolvulaceae and Violaceae. These species were mainly creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), white goosefoot (Chenopodium album), wild buckwheat (Fallopia convolvulus), field pansy (Viola arvensis) and others. Weed species of the families Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae Asteraceae and Convolvulaceae have been found in broadleaved crops. The most common were white goosefoot (Chenopodium album), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), wild buckwheat (Fallopia convolvulus) and others.
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Vliv ošetření osiva superabsorbčním polymerem na vzcházení, růst a výnos plodiny
Lokaj, Lukáš
The thesis deals with the use of a superabsorbent polymer, specifically seed coated with this polymer and the evaluation of emergence, growth and yield of the crop. One part of the experiment was carried out in the laboratory, namely plant germination, while the second part was carried out under field conditions on the land of the School Farm at the site of Žabčice in the years 2020–2022. The effects of SAP seed treatment on germina-tion, emergence and crop yield were monitored. Four experimental treatments were evalu-ated for wheat, barley, maize and rape, namely seed untreated, seed treated with SAP, seed picled and seed picled and treated with SAP. SAP treated seed germinated faster for all crops. For wheat variety Luana and maize variety Celong, SAP increased yield by al-most 0.5 t/ha, and for rape by 0.7 t/ha. Barley and maize variety Alombo were negatively affected by SAP.
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The influence of nitrogen on yield formatin of spring barley
JANUROVÁ, Eliška
The purpose of this diploma thesis was to find out the effect of a graduated dose of nitrogen fertilization on the revenue elements (number of plants per area, number offshoots per area, number of ears per area, number of grains inside one ear and weight of thousand seeds) of the spring barley. The field experiment was established in the spring of 2021 on a private family farm which belongs to Mr. Jaroslav Čech and it is located in Běleč near Mladá Vožice. Spring barley of the Bente variety was sown in the experimental field. The experimental doses of nitrogen fertilization were determined as follows: 20 kg. ha -1,50 kg. ha-1, 80 kg. ha-1, 110 kg. ha-1. The evaluated data were processed and recorded into tables and graphs in the results chapter. The highest revenue elements were reached in the variant IV, where was applied 110 kg pure nutrients of nitrogen fertilizer. The revenue elements in individual variants were decreasing with decreasing dose of nitrogen fertilization.
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The barley growing and quality in the Czech Republic 1990-2018
MACHALOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis describes growing of spring malting barley in the Czech Republic in the years 1990 to 2018. Spring barley is the second most grown cereal and important crop. This thesis contains basic biological characteristics, farming technology, sowed areas and quality of the spring barley in the period of time. Also changes that include in this time period. Other chapters describes a history and present time of varieties malting barley and as well at their rating and appropriateness for a malt production as one of the main raw material for beer production.
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Interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration, nitrogen nutrition and UV-exclusion on yield, aboveground biomass and root development in winter wheat and spring barley
Rattanapichai, W. ; Klem, Karel
Within the manipulation experiment in open top chambers (Domaninek near Bystrice nad Pernstejnem) that allow simulation of elevated concentration of CO2 ([CO2]) (expected by the end of this century700 mu mol mol(-1)) and exclusion of solar UV radiation, the interactive effects of these environmental drivers together with nitrogen application were studied. Aboveground biomass at the time of harvest, grain yield and root area were studied in winter wheat (variety Bohemia) and spring barley (variety Bojos). From three replications of each treatment were the roots of four plants dug out from the soil and gently washed. Photos of roots taken using the digital camera were analysed by image processing software Image J (plugin SmartRoot). The result showed that the elevation of [CO2] increased the above ground biomass and grain yield. High level of nitrogen increased the stimulatory effect of [CO2] on the above-ground biomass and grain yield. Also UV exclusion stimulated the effect of the evaluated [CO2] on above-ground biomass and grain yield. UV exclusion resulted in higher root area than the treatment of non-exclusion of UV.
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Vliv hustoty výsevu na výnos u vybraných odrůd jarních obilnin
ŠÍR, Josef
Bachelor thesis focuses on cereals and their significance, individual phases of basic soil treatment, creation of economic yield, weeds and chemical means to regulate them. The aim of the work is to extend knowledge about factors that affect the density of sowing of selected varieties of spring cereals. In order to determine the impact of different density of sowing on the elements of the yield structure of the following varieties of spring cereals - wheat Kabot, barley Manta, barley Kvorning, barley Vendela, oats Poseidon and oats Ozon was founded an attempt at the school farm of SOŠ zemědělská Tábor. During the growing season, the basic yield elements were evaluated on the plot of land - the number of plants per m2, the number of ears per m2. During vegetation, the presence of weeds in cultivated spring cereals was discovered. During harvesting, the yield of the various varieties of spring cereals was examined.
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