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Design of watering module for mobile robot
Vizváry, Peter ; Králík, Jan (referee) ; Krejsa, Jiří (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the design of a watering module for a mobile robot. The main goals of this work are to design various concepts of the watering module and their subsequent comparison, ending with the selection of the final concept, which results in its implementation in the form of a prototype with subsequent testing of its properties. The first part of this work is focused on the analysis of the issue and the definition of the assigned task together with the main parameters and requirements. The second part contains an overview of known solutions to the issue and designs for own concepts of the watering module and its individual components. The designs are compared and evaluated in terms of their performance, complexity and price. In the third part, based on the evaluation of the most promising variants, there is a selection of the final concept and after that designing and selection of the final constructional solution. The fourth part is focused on the design and implementation of the prototype, contains the selection and design of the necessary components, module assembly and the creation of the control algorithm of the watering module. The final fifth part contains testing of the functional properties of the prototype, their evaluation and subsequent suggestions for its improvement.
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Thermoluminescence measurement system
Matějka, Tomáš ; Král, Jan (referee) ; Kubíček, Michal (advisor)
This thesis deals with revision and design of electronic for measuring system PSI TL 500 which is designed for measurement of thermoluminescence phenomena in photosystem II. Thesis describes principles and properties of the measuring system in its current form and changes for the new version are discussed. Digital control part based on Xilinx Zynq platform is designed. Revision of analog measuring part of system is made and partial changes are implemented.
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Preparation of microbial, plant and algal extracts to use in cosmetics for infants
Janderová, Šárka ; Dzurická, Lucia (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the preparation of a cosmetic product for infants with the addition of active substances from cyanobacteria, microalgae, or plants. In the theoretical part, a review was made, which not only summarizes the basic information about these organisms, but also the antioxidants contained in these microorganisms. In the practical part, several types of extracts from cyanobacteria, algae and plants were prepared and characterized. The content of phenolic substances, chlorophylls and content of carotenoids were measured spectrophotometrically. Content of soluble proteins was determined by Hartree-Lowry method and the fatty acid profile in biomass was obtained by GC. Furthermore, the SPF factor was measured using the spectrophotometric method the Mansur equation. Antioxidant activity was determined by using the TEAC method. Finally, two of the best extracts were selected for the preparation of cosmetic emulsions. The sensory analysis of prepared emulsions was performed for the period of two weeks.
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The role of alternative splicing in plants
Földi, Marek ; Klodová, Božena (advisor) ; Fischer, Lukáš (referee)
Alternative splicing is a mechanism of gene expression regulation that maintains, regulates, and creates genomic diversity and tissue specificity in plants. It involves the differential joining of exons in precursor mRNAs, leading to multiple mRNA isoforms from a single gene. The formation of these isoform variants and their subsequent translation leads to subfunctionalization of proteins, generating diversity in structure and function. Therefore, alternative splicing is often important in various biological processes in plants, such as development, stress response, immunity, and reproduction. Key types of alternative splicing events include intron retention, exon skipping, alternative 5'/3' splice sites, and mutually exclusive exons. Regulation of alternative splicing involves cis-regulatory elements and trans- acting protein factors such as serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). This thesis aims to summarise the mechanisms and consequences of alternative splicing in plant development, including maturation of male and female gametophytes, meiosis, stress, and cell differentiation. It also describes methodological approaches that allow for a genome-wide study of alternative splicing, including microarrays, RNA-seq, and PCR. A better understanding of...
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Physiological responses of plants to arficial light
Holečková, Barbora ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Konrádová, Hana (referee)
The topic of this bachelor`s thesis is the physiological response od plants to artificial lighting, meaning artificial lighting from street lamps, which is one of the important anthropogenic influences. Artificial lighting at night is referred to by the acronym ALAN (from the english phrase Artificial light at night) and can have a significant effect on plant behaviour. In this thesis, the current knowledge on the influence of streetlights on not only plant behaviour but also on entire ecosystems is summarised in the theoretical part. In the practical part, the chlorophyll content of plants is measured, which is an important parameter informing about their physiological state, i.e. whether nighttime artificial lighting has an influence on it. Subsequently, the detected chlorophyll content of plants under street lighting is compared with that of paired control plants in their surroundings that are not under any artificial lighting. The measurements are carried out using a specially designed instrument for the detection of chlorophyll content in plant leaves called CCM300. The result of the work is the understanding of the possible effect of street lighting Key words Physiological reaction, artificial light at night, plants, chlorophyll
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PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL EXTRACTS WITH ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT
Vysoká, Marie ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Celosvětová spotřeba antibiotik v posledních několika desetiletích významně vzrostla, což vedlo ke zvýšenému výskytu genů antibiotické rezistence (ARG), které představují rostoucí vážnou hrozbu pro lidské zdraví na celém světě. Používání přírodních nebo alternativních léčivých přípravků tudíž v posledních několika letech výrazně vzrostlo. Velká pozornost je nyní věnována přírodním extraktům, které by mohly být v jisté formě použity jako jedna z možností léčby bakteriálního onemocnění, a to s vysokou účinností proti patogenům a se zanedbatelnými vedlejšími účinky. Biomasa kvasinek, která obsahuje cenné mastné kyseliny, sacharidy, nukleové kyseliny, vitamíny a minerály, byla testována jako možná alternativa, a to samotná i v kombinaci s rostlinnými extrakty ve formě doplňku stravy. Tato disertační práce je zaměřena na studium antimikrobiální aktivity a nutriční přínosy vybraných rostlinných extraktů, jako je acai, hřebíček, kurkuma, zázvor, ženšen a oregano. Následně byly testovány biologické účinky kvasinkové biomasy rodu Metschnikowia pulcherrima CCY 029-002-145, Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum CCY 17-18-4, Phaffia rhodozyma CCY 77-1, Rhodotorula kratochvilovae CCY 20-2-26. Tyto kvasinky byly vybrány zejména pro vysoký obsah aktivních látek v produkované biomase. Na závěr byl posouzen potenciální synergický efekt rostlinných extraktů ve spojení s kvasinkovou biomasou ke zvýšení celkového antimikrobiálního účinku, antioxidační aktivity a vlivu na růst buněčných linií Caco-2, B16F1 a HaCaT. Vzhledem k dosaženým výsledkům lze konstatovat, že zařazení imortalizované kvasinkové biomasy v kombinaci s přírodními extrakty do doplňků stravy ve vhodné formě může být prospěšné lidskému zdraví. Existuje přímý vztah mezi životaschopností buněk a apoptózou. Všechny mikrobiální extrakty vykazovaly určité pozitivní výsledky na apoptózu u rakovinných buněčných linií a současně nevykazovaly žádné cytotoxické účinky na nezhoubné buněčné linie při stejných koncentracích.
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Educational Application for Learning about Plants
Nedělová, Markéta ; Tesařová, Alena (referee) ; Hynek, Jiří (advisor)
This work focuses on the design and implementation of an interactive educational application that could help students master the learning of plant species through elements of gamification. To address this problem, a progressive web application was designed and implemented. This application was created in response to the requirements and needs identified during cooperation with the Primary School in Olešnice. It allows students to practice and expand their knowledge of plants through quizzes.
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Effect of chromatin on the repair of double-strand DNA breaks after cleavage by CRISPR/Cas and other programmable nucleases in plants
Trojan, Jakub ; Přibylová, Adéla (advisor) ; Procházková, Klára (referee)
Plants are highly resistant to ionizing radiation, also thanks to a high-quality repair system for repairing double-stranded breaks. Double-strand breaks in plants are repaired by four repair pathways. Most often, double-strand breaks are repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which joins the broken ends without further processing. More accurate but slower and more complex is repair through homologous recombination (HR), which repairs the break using a homologous sequence. HR repair takes place preferentially in a region with active transcription and during the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Alternatively, repair further proceeds through single-strand annealing (SSA) or Theta mediated end joining (TMEJ). Both pathways are based on short homology between the overlapping ends of the double-strand break. An often neglected part of repairs is the overcoming of repressive chromatin, which protects the genome from DNA damage and prevents access of nucleases but also acts as a barrier for repair proteins. This work summarizes the current knowledge about DNA repair in plants. Furthermore, describe the influence of chromatin not only on the repair but also on the activity of programmable nucleases used in genetic engineering, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like...
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