National Repository of Grey Literature 117 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Mechanisms of comorbidity of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases
Tauchman, Martin ; Telenský, Petr (advisor) ; Brožka, Hana (referee)
In Czechia, number of people with neurodegenerative diseases is in the hundreds of thousands, and the lifetime health care costs and social impact of each patient's disease reach hundreds of thousands of euros, but these costs could be reduced by early and effective intervention. Its correct implementation could be helped by knowledge of causal links between neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, whose prevalence is correlated in the population. One of the important factors is an increased pro-inflammatory immune response. In people with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic inflammation evolves into neuroinflammation, which subsequently leads to neurodegeneration. Another mechanism is hyperglycaemia, which is a consequence of insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia lead to impaired expression of glucose transporters and insulin-degrading enzyme, resulting in reduced clearance of amyloid beta. Genetic background is also recognized as a highly influential factor, affecting various mechanisms in both beneficial and harmful ways. Lifestyle is also an important factor. In general, smoking and alcohol consumption are harmful to health. Both increased consumption of alcoholic beverages and smoking tobacco products can lead to metabolic disorders as well as neurodegeneration. On the...
Nutrigenetic analysis of metabolic syndrome: the role of spontaneously hypertensive rat chromosome 4
Petrů, Karolína ; Šeda, Ondřej (advisor) ; Malínská, Hana (referee)
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition with a number of interacting genes, epigenetic and environmental factors underlying its pathogenesis. The analysis of genetic component of MetS showed that number of defining parameters of the syndrome is linked to regions of rat chromosome 4. In order to verify these quantitative trait loci (QTL), a double congenic strain was derived with parts of chromosome 4 of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR, an inbred MetS model) origin introgressed onto genomic background of congenic Brown Norway strain (BN-Lx). The aim of the proposed thesis is comprise detail genetic mapping of differential segments of the above mentioned double congenic strain BN-Lx.SHR4 and comparison of its metabolic profile under different dietary conditions with varying carbohydrate and fat content. Utilizing DNA sequence and gene expression comparisons, candidate genes or polymorphisms for the MetS aspects and potential nutrigenetic interactions will be identified. Key words: nutrigenetics, experimental models, metabolic syndrome, congenic strain, genotyping, rat
Peptides regulating food intake and their role in metabolic syndrome
Buderová, Markéta ; Maletínská, Lenka (advisor) ; Hojná, Silvie (referee)
Unhealthy lifestyle together with genetic factors can lead to serious health problems like metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is a cluster of risk factors such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hypertension. Each component of MetS contributes to cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Treatment of MetS is primarily focused on lifestyle modification, especially weight loss. In severe cases, pharmacological treatment is also used. Pharmacological treatment includes peptide analogues that regulate food intake. Anorexigenic (food- reducing) peptides are involved in the regulation of food intake, together with orexigenic (food- increasing) peptides, which thus play an important role in maintaining energy homeostasis. Several analogues of anorexigenic peptides regulating food intake are already used for the treatment of obesity or T2DM. Other peptide analogues are in preclinical stages of testing or in the development of stable analogues. Elucidating the physiology and pathology of both anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides in the regulation of food intake may contribute to finding potential treatments for metabolic, cardiovascular, and other disorders.
Evaluation of antibody quality for Endoglin detection in liver
Kejzlarová, Eliška ; Svobodová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tripská, Katarína (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with endoglin, a transmembrane glycoprotein that can be cleaved to form so-called soluble endoglin, which then circulates in the blood. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to cardiovascular and liver diseases related to changes in the expression or level of endoglin in the blood and summarizes current knowledge about endoglin and its relation to various diseases. The experimental part of the thesis describes the selection of a suitable antibody against endoglin intended for western blot (WB). We have four anti-endoglin primary antibodies available from three manufacturers. The purpose was to test the antibodies and determine, which one had the best ability to detect endoglin in mouse tissue samples such as liver or aorta on WB. Affiblot was used to verify their ability to bind endoglin and also to compare their affinities to this protein. Newly developed patented dot-blot-based device. The binding of the used antibodies to endoglin was verified using the WB method and then the results of both methods were compared. The obtained results showed that the Abcam antibody has the most suitable parameters regarding specificity and sensitivity for the identification of endoglin in mouse tissue on WB. Keywords: endoglin, soluble endoglin, NASH, cirrhosis, non-alcoholic...
Effects of stable analogs of anorexigenic neuropeptides in models of metabolic syndrome
Mráziková, Lucia ; Maletínská, Lenka (advisor) ; Kříž, Jan (referee) ; Bardová, Kristina (referee)
Obesity is a worldwide health problem and an effective treatment is still scarce. Anorexigenic neuropeptides, such as prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), have a potential for the treatment of obesity and its complications, but in their natural form they have several limitations such as poor bioavailability, low stability and inability to cross the blood-brain barrier after peripheral administration. Recently we have designed lipidized analogs of PrRP. Lipidization makes this peptide more stable and able to act centrally after peripheral administration. The aim of this study was to investigate the chronic effect of PrRP palmitoylated at position 11 (palm11 -PrRP31) on obesity and obesity-related metabolic parameters and to clarify mechanisms of its action. We used three rodent models of obesity: Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) having intact leptin and leptin receptor as well as rodents with disrupted leptin function: leptin deficient ob/ob mice and fa/fa rats with a disturbed leptin signaling. Consumption of a high-fat diet in DIO WKY rats increased their body weight, caused strong glucose intolerance and increased liver mRNA expression of enzymes of de novo lipogenesis. Palm11 -PrRP31 treatment significantly decreased cumulative food intake, body weight, plasma...
Selected aspects of methotrexate treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Hloch, Karel ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Souček, Miroslav (referee) ; Tomčík, Michal (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Training Workplace Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Doctoral Degree Program Clinical and Social Pharmacy Candidate MSc. Karel Hloch Supervisor prof. PharmD. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Advisor assoc. prof. MUDr. Tomáš Soukup, Ph.D.; PharmD. Martin Doseděl, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Selected aspects of methotrexate treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Introduction and objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease typically connected with chronic inflammation of the joints, causing their swelling and pain. The prevalence of RA is about 1% in the general population. A crucial role in higher morbidity and mortality in RA patients has been associated with increased inflammatory activity. Methotrexate (MTX), a drug with immunosuppressive activity, is the most frequent drug of choice used in RA therapy. It seems that main anti-inflammatory effect is mediated via release of purine nucleoside adenosine. The status of patients with inflammatory diseases is influenced by activation of A2a and A3 adenosine receptors. High caffeine (adenosine receptor antagonist) consumption may therefore lead to alteration of MTX treatment efficacy. 1) The aim of first study was to determine whether RA patients who had discontinued...
Incidence of hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerotic changes in long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma in childhood or adolescence
Čepelová, Michaela ; Kraml, Pavel (advisor) ; Češka, Richard (referee) ; Papajík, Tomáš (referee)
The survival of children and adolescents with Hodgkin lymphoma has improved dramatically over the last decades, but even young adult long-term survivors are at increased risk of developing multiple cardiovascular late sequelae of previous treatment. We evaluated the presence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipoproteinemia, hyperinsulinemia, obesity) in young adult Hodgkin lymphoma survivors, who were disease- free for a minimum of 10 years after the end of their treatment, and in age- and gender- matched healthy volunteers. We assumed higher prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors together with earlier development of atherosclerotic changes in this specific population. All survivors and volunteers uderwent physical examination, duplex ultrasonography of both common carotid arteries, all participants completed questionnaire on their eating habits and physical activities We performed biochemical analyses, including lipid profile, fasting glucose and insulin levels, markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The HL survivors showed unfavorable lipid profiles, markers of oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation compared to those of healthy controls. We found a higher prevalence of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and...
Reduction Modes to 3rd Medical Department in the Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome and their Effect on the Outcome of Bariatric Operations
Jungová, Ivana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee)
(teze): Úvod: Redukční režimy na 3. interní klinice VFN Praha v léčbě obezity a metabolického syndromu a jejich vliv na úbytek hmotnosti po bariatrické operaci při aplikaci těsně před zákrokem. Metody: Porovnávání shromážděných dat týkajících se redukce hmotnosti v době před a 1 rok po bariatrickém zákroku pro dvě skupiny pacientů. Jedna skupina absolvovala těsně před operativním výkonem redukční pobyt. Druhá skupina byla přijata k operačnímu řešení z ambulantního režimu. Výsledky: Obě skupiny pacientů ve sledované době (1 rok po operaci) svou hmotnost významně redukovaly, vyšší úbytek v kilogramech po roce od zákroku byl zaznamenán u skupiny s redukčním pobytem (23,02 kg), u skupiny bez redukčního pobytu byl průměrný úbytek hmotnosti 21,17 kg. Po porovnání úbytku hmotnosti z průměrné hodnoty životního maxima skupin má významně vyšší redukci skupina s redukčním pobytem (51,9 kg), skupina bez redukčního pobytu redukovala ze svého životního maxima průměrně o 32 kg. Hodnota EWL (Excess Weight Loss) jeden rok po operaci byla vyšší u skupiny bez redukčního pobytu (39,36 %), u skupiny s redukčním pobytem dosáhla hodnoty 33,509 %. Stejně tak hodnotu EBMIL (Excess BMI Loss) měla skupina bez redukčního pobytu vyšší než skupina s redukčním pobytem. Procentuální roční úbytek hmotnosti byl u obou skupin...
Obesity monitoring in middle aged men in Hradec Králové
Senecký, Petr ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Větrovský, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Obesity monitoring in middle aged men in Hradec Kralove Targets: The targets of thesis is to determine prevalence of the obesity in men at age 30 - 50 years in Hradec Kralove. The necessary data for this empirical research will be obtained on the basis of the questionnaires distributed among 30 active athletes and 30 pacients of prof. Martinik's diabetology office, who suffer from obesity and undergo treatment in his office. Subsequently, I will perform a deep analysis of all the data obtained from the questionnaries, in order to identify hazard factors for obesity, stress management, physical aktivity, fixed daily routine and life management or the prevalence of the genetic load in the group of surveyed athletes and surveyed obese patients of prof. Martiník's diabetology office. These data will be then compared in order to identifily the main differences between active athletes and obese patients. Methods: The empirical research was conducted at 30 randomly selected active athletes (at age 30 - 50 years), who live in Hradec Kralove and at 30 random patients (also at age 30 - 50 years) of prof. Martiník, who also live in Hradec Kralove and undergo medical treatment on the basis of the questionnaire, which I created myself and filled personally with the patients and athletes in order to...
Diabetes mellitus type II in the light of metabolic syndrome
Hrnčířová, Eliška ; Rudolf, Kamil (advisor) ; Doseděl, Martin (referee)
DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II IN THE LIGHT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME Author: Eliška Hrnčířová ¹ Tutor: MUDr. PharmDr. Kamil Rudolf, Ph.D. ¹, š ¹ Department of Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové š II. intern gastroenterology clinic University Hospital Hradec Králové Background: My thesis deals with diabetes mellitus, a common chronic civilization disease, the essence of its creation, including the issue of the treatment, regime measures and it also mentions the associated health problems connected to the diagnosis. The Aim of the study: The main purpose of this work based on a small sample of patients was to verify their level of information and knowledge of the disease, compliance, participation in home blood glucose measurements and to determine the health complications associated with diabetes and its treatment. Methods: The study was carried out by questionnaire in a paper form. Data were obtained in a pharmacy during a short interview with 209 randomly selected diabetics type II. The questionnaire included two main characteristics of respondents (gender, age) and 6 simple targeted questions. Results: In the survey 59 % female and 41% male took part. The mean age of patients was 66.9 years. Respondents were diagnosed with DM on average 11.1...

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