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Removal of selected xenobiotics at municipal WWTP´s
Žižlavská, Adéla ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Bodík,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The development of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry and the massive use of synthetic substances in various industries has become indispensable for our society. Unfortunately, this progress has brought a whole new kind of pollution. It is a group of substances which imagine for living organisms’ greater risk than 'normal' organic pollution. Because they have extraneous origin compared with naturally occurring compounds, they are called "Xenobiotics." It is a group comprising a large number of different substances, with dissimilar physical, chemical and biological properties such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, detergents, paints, varnishes, plastic packaging, food additives, cosmetic products, drugs, and many others. Although these substances began to enter the water cycle as early as 30 years of the 20th century, their concentration often moves to the limit of the detection limit, so their presence in the water began to be examined in more detail in the 1980s, following the development of analytical technologies chemical composition of water. The main danger of these substances is that doesn’t primarily effect on water quality, but directly affect on the organisms by confusing of the endocrine system or by directly damaging RNA or DNA, causing mutagenic changes, cancer-causing proliferation, birth defects, metabolic disorders, gender changes, the degeneration of reproductive capacity of entire populations or the disappearance of self-preservation instinct. The source of xenobiotics in the water cycle is predominantly wastewater, which generated through the wastewater treatment, which not designed to eliminate this type of pollution. he dissertation thesis deals with the issue of xenobiotics in wastewater and is divided into the theoretical and experimental part. The theoretical part summarizes the xenobiotics current state of knowledge in wastewater from their history, origin, classification, possibilities of elimination to impacts on the environ
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Analysis of EMW radiation for sterilization of biotic pests
Danielová, Marie ; Svobodová, Kateřina (referee) ; Holešovský, Jan (advisor)
Biotic pests such as wood-destroying fungi, molds, and wood-destroying insects are not only a problem for old buildings but also for newer buildings. Their occurrence has a negative effect on the physical and mechanical characteristic of building materials. One of the main causes of biotic pests in buildings is moisture. Remediation of objects in terms of moisture and biotic pests is a frequent subject of solution in construction practice. There are many methods used to remove moisture and inactivate biotic pests, and their use depends on the individual requirements of individual objects. In practice, this problem is dealt with by specialized companies using well-known technologies or further participate in their research. One of the methods used for moisture remediation and inactivation of biotic pests is the irradiation of building structures using EMW radiation. Microwave heating used to dry moisture from building materials is one of the most intensive methods for sterilizing biotic pests, and due to its intensity, it is a time and cost-effective method.
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The reconstruction design of timber structures of the existing building
Bartlová, Jana ; Šmak, Milan (referee) ; Straka, Bohumil (advisor)
The content of this work was to carry out construction-technical survey of timber structures of the existing building in order to design an appropriate procedure for their reconstruction. The survey showed construction in an unsatisfactory to disrepair, so further work also includes the static calculation of new structures proposed instead of the current. Timber structure in the building has form of staircase, roof and ceiling construction. Newly designed the following types of stairs and roof trusses from which the lower belts are used as ceiling beams. The new proposal also includes possible roofing, roofing options, developed one of them. The work also includes drawings, bill of materials and cost estimate staircase structure and truss. Specialization in the field of civil engineering is represented by drawings of the new truss and passport (view of current state) whole object on parcel ST.74 / 1, land Tišnov (okr.Brno-venkov), the content of which was the basis for this work.
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Biodiverzita dřevních hub v oblasti Přírodní památky Nedošínský háj (okres Svitavy)
Horáčková, Jana
This bachelor thesis deals with the biodiversity of wood fungi in the PP Nedošínský háj. The field survey was carried out during 14 field visits that lasted from 21 February 2022 to 23 February 2023. In total, 29 species of wood-destroying fungi were found in the area of Nedošínský háj. The most of fungal species were observed in October 2022 and the least of them in February and March 2022. The highest number of wood fungal species was found on oak (Quercus spp.) (9). White rot was recorded in 83 % of the wood fungal species. Saprotrophic species were 26 (90%), saproparasitic species were 2 and parasitic species were only 1. The most common level of substrate thickness was level 3 (10.1 - 20 cm). The most abundant species were: Hypholoma fasciculare (20 records), Hypoxylon fragiforme (13 records), Pholiota squarrosa (12 records), Piptoporus betulinus (11 records), Coprinus sp. (9 records), Trametes versicolor (7 records).
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Provedení detailního fytopatologického průzkumu a návrhy pro zlepšení stavu dřevin v Zoo Brno
Helánová, Sylva
The bachelor's thesis deals with the evaluation of the condition of woody plants, their vitality, health status, stability, operational safety and perspective. Furthermore, by proposing interventions to optimize their condition according to the methodology of the Nature and Landscape Protection Agency of the Czech Republic. A total of 200 trees were evaluated at the site - 11 small-leaved lindens (Tilia cordata Mill.), 11 hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and 178 white oaks (Quercus petrea Liebl.). A field survey was carried out on these trees from March 2021 to March 2022. The results show that the trees on the site are not in good condition, their vitality and health are reduced. The presence of wood-destroying fungi such as Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull. Murrill) and Agrilus biguttatus (Fabricius, 1776) has also been discovered.
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Assembly, successional development and functioning of microbial communities in deadwood
Bernardová, Natálie ; Brabcová, Vendula (advisor) ; Kopecký, Jan (referee)
Dead wood is one of the most important reservoirs associated with forest ecosystems. In natural forests, its volume is counted in hundreds of m3 ha-1 , whereas it reaches only tens of m3 ha-1 in productive commercial forests. In contrast to soil and plant litter, deadwood is unevenly distributed on the forest floor. The specific physicochemical properties such as high content of recalcitrant polymers, low nitrogen level and impermeability negatively affect the rate of decomposition especially in the initial stages of wood deconstruction. The deadwood decomposition is very slow in comparisons with other substrates, it accumulates and thus it represents the important reservoir of nutrients. This thesis is focused on the structure, development and function of microbial (fungal) community in decomposing deadwood in unmanaged forest. Functional screening of fungi isolated from fruit bodies collected from coarse deadwood was set aside. Physico-chemical properties of deadwood including pH, carbon and nitrogen content and microbial biomass were estimated for four wood decomposition stages and three different tree species. New generation sequencing (Illumina MiSeq platform) was applied for fungal community structure analysis based on ITS2 fragment. Fungal functional screening was based on physico-chemical...
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