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Vývoj příjmových nerovností v zemích V4
Borzov, Mikhail
Bc. Borzov, M., Income Inequality Development in V4 Countries. Bachelor's thesis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2023. The bachelor's thesis titled "Income Inequality Development in V4 Countries" deals with the identification of relevant factors that affect the development of income inequality in individual countries of the Visegrad Group during the period of 2004-2020. The theoretical part of the thesis provides an up-to-date overview of studies dealing with income inequality issues. This part of the thesis analyzes theoretical concepts and various approaches currently used to explain income inequality. The empirical part of the thesis focuses on conducting a correlation and regression analysis to identify specific factors that influence income inequality. The results of the regression analysis show that among the significant factors are unemployment, globalization, industrial structure, its added value, and other factors. These results suggest that changes in these factors may have a significant impact on income inequality in V4 countries.
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Odvody sociálního pojištění OSVČ v zemích V4 ve vazbě na důchodové aspekty
Čalkovská, Helena
The diploma theses focuses on comparison of the tax burden of employees and self-employed persons in the Visegrad Four countries. For each of these countries, the health system, social security, personal income taxation and pension system is described. The findings of the theoretical part are then compared, with particular emphasis on social insurance contributions. Based on the theoretical background, model examples were constructed, showing the tax burden on the two groups enlisted, in all studied countries. Furthermore, a model calculation of the old-age pension has been developed for Czech taxpayers. The results clearly show the unfairness of the tax burden on the studied groups and the related problem of the current pension system. The conclusion provides multiple sets of recommendations, one for a more equitable setting of contributions for the self-employed improving sustainability of the pension system, another for the system itself.
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Finanční gramotnost na základních školách
Klán, Vojtěch
The present bachelor thesis deals with the study of financial literacy among secondary school students in the Visegrad Four countries. Firstly, an analysis of domestic and foreign sources of the issue has been carried out, summarizing the individual curricula of the selected countries and defining the basic concepts. Based on the findings, an online questionnaire was compiled and sent to selected schools in each country. The questionnaire is composed of 20 questions representing the different issue areas and was translated into the official language for the countries. A content analysis of the strategic documents was also carried out. The data obtained was then statistically evaluated in the attached graphs. The conclusion of the paper is devoted to the results and possibilities to raise the level of financial literacy. It was found that the pupils' knowledge of financial services is not in line with the national curricula. Finally, several recommendations are presented to deepen knowledge and make learning more effective.
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Zhodnocení ekonomické efektivnosti investic do fotovoltaických systémů
Vaverová, Tereza
This thesis focuses on the economic effectivity of photovoltaic investment for family houses, and it describes the development of the financial support in the Visegrad group with detailed focus on the Czech Republic. Next, the thesis analyses the characteristics of individual photovoltaic systems and further it focuses on the definition and examination of motivation of the subjects investing in these energy sources. For the analysis of the economic effectivity of such investments, this thesis utilizes methods of discounted payback period, internal rate of return and other associated methods. Based on the value of these indexes the thesis analyses the economic rentability and attractivity of photovoltaic systems in individual member countries in the Visagrad group and especially in the Czech Republic.
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The Impact of Family Policies on Fertility in the Visegrád Group
Gajdušková, Karolína ; Pleticha, Petr (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
This thesis examines the effectiveness of family policies implemented in the Visegrad Group (V4) countries after the fall of communism in 1989 and their impact on the total fertility rate. While previous studies on this topic usually focused on one country or a larger group of countries, this thesis provides a comparative approach that enables a more interpretable comparison of policy effects. We analyzed the effects of seven family policies on fertility in the given countries. We chose the synthetic control method that simulated the evolution of the total fertility rate if the given policy had not been introduced. As a control group, we chose countries that are members of both the EU and the OECD. The findings highlight the diverse outcomes of family policies within the V4 Group. While the Czech Republic was successful in boosting fertility through effective allocation of public finances, Hungary's generous investment in family policies provided relatively limited results. For a long period, Poland did not invest in families much, which has changed in recent years and affected fertility positively, yet only a short-term impact is present. Despite allocating fewer resources, Slovakia has managed to maintain a stable total fertility rate. In summary, the impacts of family policies on fertility vary across...
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Standard of Living and Labour Productivity in the Visegrad Group
FLAŠKA, Josef
The main goal of the bachelor thesis is to evaluate whether labour productivity is linked directly with the standard of living in the Visegrad Group, including countries such as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland. To be clear what the standard of living and labour productivity is, these terms are in the theoretical part described aswell as their indicators are defined there. These indicators are later used for the practical part where the comparison between each of the state and average values of the EU27 is made. A correlation and regression analysis is used to determine the link between labour productivity per employee and 3 standard of living indicators (Gini index, median equivalised net household income and human development index) in the V4 countries. Data, which are processed for the comparison, are taken from the Eurostat and the World Bank database.
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Změna migračních a azylových politik států Visegrádské skupiny a jejich vliv na průběh migrační krize
Krystková, Karolína
The aim of this thesis is to analyse progress of migration and asylum applicants within current migration crisis. Thesis is devided into three sections: The theoretical, analytical section and the proposal. The first section is focused on defining theories of migration, asylum and migration policies of European Union and the autorities of Visegrad four. Definition of operationg costs and the manner of integration within the theories of regional developement. The second section comprises the analysis of migration and asylum applicants progress within European Union, Visegrad four, and chosen migration routes. The attitudes of the authorities and operationg costs of czech asylum facilities. At the end of second section is demostrated the posture of czech population. In the third section are described the results of analysis and are proposed more effective methods of solutions.
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Míra synchronizace hospodářských cyklů v zemích V4
Novotný, Ondřej
This diploma thesis deals with issues of economic cycles in the countries of the Visegrad Group. The main aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the rate of synchronization of economic cycles in the Visegrad Group countries and to determine the rate of synchronization of economic cycles of the Visegrad Group countries with the economic cycle of the European Union represented by the reference country in the form of Germany. The theoretical part deals in detail with the theoretical and methodological bases connected with the economic cycles as well as with the short presentation of the regional group of the Visegrad Group. The practical part describes the development of two basic macroeconomic indicators of each of the Visegrad Group countries, and then the wavelet analysis is applied on monthly data in 1991-2017 in order to determine the rate of synchronization of economic cycles among the Visegrad Group countries and in addition to determine no less important synchronization of economic cycles of these countries with Germany's economic cycle.
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Economic growth and labour productivity in the Visegrad Group countries
VELECKÝ, Šimon
The thesis deals with the examination of economic growth and labour productivity in the countries of the Visegrad Group, specifically in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary, between 2008 and 2019. Part of the work is also a survey of economic growth and labour productivity of the EU 27 and EU 15 average. At first the thesis explains the theoretical basis concerning to the issue of economic growth, productivity and labour productivity. These findings are then used in the survey. The survey is consisted of four - five -analyses: analysis of economic growth, analysis of labour productivity, analysis of real unit labour costs, analysis of capital labour ratio and regression analysis. Analyses are presented by graphs and tables and use data from the statistical office of the European Union - Eurostat. The findings are subsequently evaluated and compared between the countries. To conclude the links between labour productivity and economic growth, capital labour ratio and the real unit labour costs are examined. This analysis is created using the STATISTICA program. The results of the thesis then point to the economic situation and differences of individual countries of the Visegrad group, EU 27 and EU 15 and compare them with each other.
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Macroeconomic factors and stock returns: Evidence from three Central and East European countries
Tung, Christopher ; Novák, Jiří (advisor) ; Dědek, Oldřich (referee)
This dissertation deals with the links between stock market returns and foreign exchange rates, industrial production and exports to Germany in three Central and East European countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland). The main questions addressed are: "Do macroeconomic factors related to foreign exchange rates and industrial production affect stock market returns in the Visegrad-3? And what is the impact of exports to Germany on those stock returns?" This analysis makes use of panel-data and the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) to produce results. Firstly, foreign exchange rates are found to have a negative effect on stock returns. However the divergence in currency returns between the three countries means that the overall effect may be due to some factors that are not accounted for in this analysis. Secondly, there is a positive, but lagged, association between industrial production and stock returns. Thirdly, exports to Germany from the region are also found to have a positive impact on the stock returns of the Visegrad-3. Finally, there is divergence among the three countries with respect to the relationship between the macroeconomic factors and stock returns. Poland and Hungary are seen to exert a significant amount of influence over the region's stock markets.
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