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Uncertainty and House Prices: Empirical Evidence
Kos, Jiří ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Michal (referee)
This thesis studies the relationship between house prices, economic fundamen- tals and uncertainty using panel data from 10 OECD member countries and time series data from the United States. Traditional techniques, such as coin- tegration testing, are used to find a possible long-run link between house prices and their determinants. Employing both single-equation ARDL and multi- equation VEC models, we find evidence of a possible long-run relationship between house prices and fundamentals in the panel data. The results from the time series analysis are inconclusive, mostly leaning towards no presence of cointegration. A measure of interest rate is a vital determinant in most mod- els., while income does not exhibit a long-run connection with house prices. Moreover, results indicate the importance of uncertainty in determining house price dynamics, exhibiting both negative and positive effects. JEL Classification C22, D80, R20, R21, R28, R30, Keywords house prices, uncertainty, cointegration, eco- nomic fundamentals, interest rate Title Uncertainty and House Prices: Empirical Evi- dence
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Independence and Transmission of Monetary Policy in Small Open Economies: The Case of Canada and the Czech Republic
Budinský, Jan ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Buliskeria, Nino (referee)
The question of whether a small open economy (SOE) with highly integrated financial markets can shield itself from the influence of foreign monetary policy and preserve its monetary independence has been the subject of extensive research over the last decades. The growing integration of world economies owing to globalization, the impacts of recent global pandemic on them leading to the use of unconventional monetary policies, and the consequent high levels of inflation across the globe have highlighted the importance of further study of this problematic. This thesis focuses on two small open economies from different currency areas, Canada and the Czech Republic, and evaluates the monetary policies of their central banks, concentrating primarily on their independence, secondarily on the transmission mechanism of the respective policies, and also on their foreign exchange reserves. A comparative analysis of these two countries and their monetary policies on such scale and complexity has not yet been made before. The results of cointegration testing of vector autoregression models consisting of three-month interbank interest rates representing the monetary policies of the countries under investigation revealed that both Canada and the Czech Republic exhibited a considerable degree of monetary...
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Fiscal Rules in the European Union
Výprachtická, Terezie ; Šmídková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Schneider, Ondřej (referee)
ABSTRACTS PART I - The EMU and its Fiscal Rules This paper treats the fiscal rules of the European Economic and Monetary Union. It begins by introducing this union's inception and by discussing its set of fiscal rules - the Stability and Growth Pact, including its reform. The rationale for policy coordination and the need for fiscal rules in a monetary union are then investigated. The Stability and Growth Pact is then assessed from this point of view. The most important part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of whether the Stability and Growth Pact could be substituted by the disciplining effect of the financial markets. Our findings suggest that there is certain interaction between the financial markets and the governments' decisions on the fiscal policies and that this reaction has become stronger after the beginning of the latest financial and economic crisis. However, the institutional setup and market conditions in the European Union are such that this interaction is biased and thus we conclude that the Union needs to have fiscal rules. JEL Classification: C23, E44, E61, E62, H62, H87 Keywords: European Economic and Monetary Union, Stability and Growth Pact, Financial markets, Fiscal rules, Policy coordination PART II - The Golden Rule of Public Finance and Productivity of Public Capital This...
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Factors affecting economic growth in Serbia
Papić, Danijela
This diploma thesis evaluates the impact of selected factors on economic growth in Serbia. The existence of the relationship between economic growth and chosen macroeconomic indicators is tested with the use of cointegration test, Vector Error Correction model (VECM) and Granger causality test during the period 2007-2017. When it comes to long-run dynamics, results show positive impact of inflation, while the exports have negative influence. In the short-run, positive effect is observed by inflation and exports and negative by FDI. No effect of government expenditures is revealed in both short-run and long-run.
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Pairs Trading in Cryptocurrency Markets
Fil, Miroslav ; Krištoufek, Ladislav (advisor) ; Hronec, Martin (referee)
Pairs trading is a trading strategy which tries to exploit mean-reversion among prices of certain securities. It is market-neutral and self-financing, and has been shown to produce high excess returns in historical backtests. We employ the most common distance and cointegration approaches on cryp- tocurrency data from an exchange called Binance spanning the year 2018. The strategy is mostly unprofitable under transaction costs, but certain combinations of hyperparameters can perform well. Overall, the distance method performs far better, being able to achieve 3% monthly profit even in our baseline real-life con- ditions while the cointegration method always achieves only a slight loss. We also found that increasing the sampling frequency of the data from daily to hourly brings mixed results. Moreover, since we have to reuse estimates of real-life considerations from equity markets, it is unclear if our results are truly representative of the cryp- tocurrency market. The strategy is found to be very sensitive to execution diffi- culties and transaction costs, making their determination crucially important. It is somewhat easy to get returns in excess of 5% monthly under ideal conditions, but whether this could be achieved in real trading conditions is still unclear. Keywords pairs trading,...
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Relationship between consumption of cigarettes and alcohol in the Czech Republic
Kania, Vojtěch ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Martin (referee)
This thesis investigates the relationship between the consumption of cigarettes and pure alcohol in the Czech Republic during 1955-2016. It tests for a unit root in both series using ADF test and KPSS test. Next, Engle-Granger procedure and Johansen trace test are used to test for a cointegration relation between the two time-series. Both the ADF and the KPSS test found a presence of a unit root when controlled for a shift in a mean in 1989. However, Engle-Granger procedure did not find enough evidence for a cointegration relation, which was confirmed by Johansen trace test. The same results were obtained when only a subsample 1955-1989 was considered.
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Cointegration and EC model
Asipenka, Hanna ; Cipra, Tomáš (advisor) ; Zichová, Jitka (referee)
The thesis deals with the concept of cointegration of time series and related error correction model. First, we introduce the basic definitions and theorems that are necessary for understanding the subject of other chapters. Then we focus on the definition of cointegration and the issue of tests for cointegration. Next, we define the error correction model in general in the vector autoregression as well. We will show and prove Granger's representation theorem, which will allow the construction of the EC model in the next section of the chapter. Finally, we apply the written theory to real time series. We perform cointegration tests and construct the relevant EC model. 1
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