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Preparation of Chitosan Based Films for Food Packaging Applications.
Soukup, Karel ; Cruz, G.J.F. ; Hanika, Jiří ; Jandová, Věra ; Hejtmánek, Vladimír ; Šolcová, Olga
In the present study, the effect both of the botanical source and proportion of starch produced from agricultural surplus on the microstructure properties of starch/chitosan/glycerin films was tested. Effective gas transport properties gas diffusion transfer was performed. Starch/chitosan/glycerol biodegradable films were obtained by casting method from giant squid (Dosidicus gigas) pen chitosan mixed with glycerin and starch. Four starch samples were prepared using exceeding or low quality biomass including broken rice grains, hard yellow corn surplus, banana surplus form exportation activity and low quality cassava in three different weight proportion (chitosan/starch) corresponding to 1/1, 2/1 and 5/1. Extraction of starch from the raw material was carried out by mixing it with a water solution of sodium disulfite (5 wt.%). Afterwards, the obtained suspension was filtered and then decanted at 5°C for 24 h. The obtained starch was washed repeatedly with distilled water and ethanol (96 vol.%). Finally, the starch samples were dried at 55°C for 48 h, crushed and sieved. It was found that the gas diffusion transport properties significantly depend on the starch source used. Differences in diffusion transport rates through the films prepared with different starches are related to the size and distribution of granules of starch in the films and/or the amylose conten.
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22019011614490 -  PDF
Plný text: content.csg - PDF
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Simultaneous Hydrolysis of Proteins and Fats fro Waste Chicken Feathers.
Rousková, Milena ; Šolcová, Olga ; Šabata, Stanislav ; Jírů, M. ; Hůrková, K. ; Hanika, Jiří
The kinetics of the simultaneous hydrolysis of macromolecular proteins (keratin) and lipids (fat) from waste chicken feathers was investigated in this study. The perspective option pressure hydrolysis at elevated temperature was designed as one of the primary tasks within the research program in frame of the Competence Centre BIORAF, supported by the Technology Agency of the CR. The process development of simultaneous hydrolysis of proteins and lipids contained in the waste is focused on this potential alternative raw material for the preparation of valuable amino acids1 and proteins of low molecular weight. In this study, the acidic hydrolysis kinetics of the waste biomass was performed using a batch stirred bench scale autoclave at elevated temperature and pressure of inert atmosphere from 0.9 to 2.3 MPa. Produced hydrolysate was filtrated and subsequently analyzed using HPLC/MS method at the UCT Prague.
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22019011614371 - PDF
Plný text: content.csg - PDF
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Volatile Substances Determination in Magnolia x Pruhoniciana Extracts.
Rousková, Milena ; Šabata, Stanislav ; Maléterová, Ywetta ; Hradecký, J. ; Hanika, Jiří ; Kaštánek, František ; Šolcová, Olga
Magnolia pruhoniciana is a unique hybrid originated by the crossing of Japanese M. obovata and American M. tripetala. It has been cultivated and grown since the 1950s in the Průhonice park, part of the Institute of Botany of the CAS. However, biologically active substances contained in intensely fragrant blossoms have not been\nsufficiently described, yet. From that reason the research was focused on extraction of the volatile substances from fresh blossoms using various solvents. Samples of magnolia blossom extracts revealed variously rich profiles of volatile substances, depending on the extraction agent used. To obtain information on volatile substances the analytical method GC/HRMS was employed. Magnolia extracts contained a large number of valuable substances such as alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans and neolignans, phenyl-propanoids and terpenes have been identified. Obtained extracts possessed a typical magnolia fragrance, which confirmed that the obtained products could be potentially used for cosmetic applications.
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22019011614380 - PDF
Plný text: content.csg - PDF
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Transport Biofuels and Their Perspectives.
Kaštánek, František ; Maléterová, Ywetta ; Hanika, Jiří ; Kaštánek, P. ; Šolcová, Olga
There are discussed already applied procedures or procedures verified in pilot scale and only in laboratory scale. Essentially, transport biofuel technologies can be considered: Hydrolysis and fermentation of lignocelluloses to lower alcohols, transesterification of oils, production of liquid biomass pyrolysis product, so called bio-oil as the main product in addition to bio-coal and pyrolysis gases, gasification to produce synthesis gas followed by catalytic production of gasoline and naphtha hydrocarbons\n(Fischer-Tropsch synthesis), transformation of a system of chemical compounds obtained from bio-oil into hydrocarbons by catalytic hydro deoxygenation and /or hydrocarbons obtained directly from the biomass by catalytic hydro deoxygenation.
Plný tet: SKMBT_22318102213430 - PDF
Plný text: content.csg - PDF
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