Národní úložiště šedé literatury Nalezeno 3 záznamů.  Hledání trvalo 0.02 vteřin. 
Solution of Emission Management Problem
Šmíd, Martin ; Kozmík, Václav
Optimal covering of emissions stemming from random production is a multistage stochastic programming problem. Solving it in a usual way - by means of deterministic equivalent - is possible only given an unrealistic approximation of random parameters. There exists an efficient way of solving multistage problems - stochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP), however, it requires the inter-stage independence of random parameters, which is not the case which our problem. In the paper, we discuss a modified version of SDDP, allowing for some form of interstage dependence.
Two Algorithms for Risk-averse Reformulation of Multi-stage Stochastic Programming Problems
Šmíd, Martin ; Kozmík, Václav
Many real-life applications lead to risk-averse multi-stage stochastic problems, therefore effective solution of these problems is of great importance. Many tools can be used to their solution (GAMS, Coin-OR, APML or, for smaller problems, Excel), it is, however, mostly up to researcher to reformulate the problem into its deterministic equivalent. Moreover, such solutions are usually one-time, not easy to modify for different applications. We overcome these problems by providing a front-end software package, written in C++, which enables to enter problem definitions in a way close to their mathematical definition. Creating of a deterministic equivalent (and its solution) is up to the computer. In particular, our code is able to solve linear multi-stage with Multi-period Mean-CVaR or Nested Mean-CVaR criteria. In the present paper, we describe the algorithms, transforming these problems into their deterministic equivalents.
Decision of a Steel Company Trading with Emissions
Zapletal, F. ; Šmíd, Martin
We formulate a Mean-CVaR decision problem of a production company obliged to cover its CO2 emissions by allowances. Certain amount of the allowances is given to the company for free, the missing/redundant ones have to be bought/sold on a market. To manage their risk, the company can use derivatives on emissions allowances (in particular futures and options), in addition to spot values of allowances. We solve the decision problem for the case of an real-life Czech steel company for different levels of risk aversion and different scenarios of the demand. We show that the necessity of emissions trading generally, and the risk caused by the trading in particular, can influence the production significantly even when the risk is decreased by means of derivatives. The results of the study show that even for low levels of the risk aversion, futures on allowances are optimal to use in order to reduce the risk caused by the emissions trading.

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