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The influence of physical exercises on pregnant women on the development of labour
JEŽKOVÁ, Jana
My work deals with the topic of ``Influence of Physical Exercises during Pregnancy on the Course of the Labour{\crqq}. I decided to explore this subject when I visited a course for pregnant women. I enjoyed the lecture I attended and I was interested whether the time and efforts that the women spent on the exercises were truly worth it. Already in the Antiquity and in the Early Middle Ages people took interest in health of pregnant women and their preparation for the labour. Doctors recommended to them relaxing more, best in lying positions, and bathing in hot water, and they forbade them to bathe in cold water. Based on those recommendations we can see that today{\crq}s psycho-prophylactic preparation of pregnant women has deep roots already in the old times of the Antiquity. The main objective of physical exercises in pregnancy is a good physical and mental condition. The labour and the actual pregnancy are very demanding in terms of the physical and mental fitness, and therefore it is good to be prepared for it. Proper physical exercises help women manage the increased demands on their organisms during the pregnancy, and after the labour it helps them with easier and quicker return to their body weight before the pregnancy. The exercises especially designed for pregnant women prepare them for the labour so that it was as easy for them as possible and did not exhaust them more than it was necessary. Whether the exercise is suitable for the woman or not must be assessed by her doctor on individual basis and based on the current health condition of the woman and her foetus, on the length of pregnancy, physical condition of the woman etc. The goal of this work was to find out whether the physical exercises during the pregnancy truly influence the course of the physiological labour. In order to collect all information I carried out a quantitative research in the form of a questionnaire and I also applied information regarding the length of the labour I had acquired from the medical documentation of women after their physiological labour hospitalized in the lying-in clinic. Before I launched the research I had established a hypothesis that women who had underwent any kind of physical exercises during their pregnancy had faster course of the labour than those who had not attended any such courses. A more significant difference in the length of the labour has been recorded only in case of multiparas who had not done any physical exercises during their pregnancy. The research showed that women (multiparas) who attended any course for pregnant women during their pregnancy have shorter labour approximately by 49 minutes than those women (multiparas) who did not do any exercises. This work could help midwives who lead antenatal courses for pregnant women as part of their primary care. The information could be also provided to the medical staff who meet pregnant women in their practice (for instance in gynaecological departments) and who could deliver the information to them.
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Specific care of women with sexually transmitted diseases
HVÍŽĎALOVÁ, Zuzana
Particulars of care for women suffering from sexually transmitted diseases. The bachelor thesis deals with particulars of care for women suffering from sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases are an issue worldwide in spite of progresses in modern medicine. In pregnant women this issue is even more vital as not only the mother but also the child is affected and the disease can be transmitted from mother to the child. The greatest risk for the child is vertical transmission. The dermatovenerological and infection departments provide care for women suffering from STD. Pregnant women suffering from such infectious diseases are placed in the hospital Na Bulovce for the whole Czech Republic. Sexually transmitted diseases are those that are passed by sexual intercourse or the way of transmission has an epidemiological significance. Among these diseases more than 25 various microorganisms are included, e.g. fungi, arthropods, maggots, protozoa spirochetes, bacteria, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, chlamydia and viruses. Among sexually transmitted diseases are gonorrhoea, inborn, primary or third stage syphilis, soft sore and veneric lymphogranuloma. The law provides for this diseases to be reported obligatorily and it is the duty of the patient to undergo treatment and come to regular examinations. The first goal of this paper is to find out how the medical staff is informed on particulars of care for women suffering from STD, the second goal aims at evaluating the situation concerning adherence to barrier care for women suffering from STD and the third goal is to create a manual of standards in care for women suffering from STD. To find out the goals a hypothesis and a research question were set. For the quantitative survey a questionnaire was prepared and for the qualitative research a monitoring list was prepared. The researched group was made up by nurses working at dermatovenerological and infection departments. The research was carried out in three medical institutions in the Czech Republic. The results of the research were very good. There is a premise in the hypothesis that the nursing staff know how to take care for women suffering from STD. This hypothesis was confirmed. In majority of questions concerning the care for women suffering from STD more than 70% of respondents replied correctly. The answer on the research question is also very good. The qualitative research has shown that more than 80% of nurses adhere to almost all principles of barrier care. Based on the research a a manual of standards has been created for the care for women suffering from STD that could be applied as a source of information for the nursing staff.
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Awarness of women about screening during the psegnancy.
VAŇÁČOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis focuses on the awareness of women regarding screening during pregnancy. The theoretical part deals with the importance of prenatal care, relation between the midwife and the pregnant woman and also on individual types of screening which are done during pregnancy at antenatal clinics. In the practical part, four goals and research questions were set. The research was conducted by quantitative method. The data were collected through the use of semi-standardized questionnaires. The interviewees were women in the Písek hospital and several gynecological outpatient departments. Interviewed were women who were nearing their due date. The results of the research reveal that women are informed about the procedure during pregnancy but not always by their doctors and midwives even though communication between the pregnant woman and medical staff should be of primary importance.
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The lifestyl of pregnant women
HAVLOVIČOVÁ, Jolana Linda
The main objective of the degree paper includes the examination of the lifestyle and regimen of pregnant women and whether they try to eliminate potential risks which may negatively affect the foetal growth and development. The next objective of the degree paper is to contribute in the area of general dietary recommendations and principles of healthy lifestyle for better awareness and orientation of pregnant women as well as those who are just preparing for pregnancy, and to help them to avoid wrong dietary habits. For the sake of fulfilment of the second objective I divided the degree paper into several chapters, whereof the theory is focused on pregnancy from both physiological and psychological point of view, a suitable diet and the lifestyle connected with pregnancy. To verify the main objective a questionnaire-based survey was used in practice, examining the women{\crq}s attitude to healthy diet and other habits during pregnancy. Further, the survey tried to ascertain whether the women who participated in pregnancy courses are able to use the obtained information in practical life better than those pregnant women who did not attend such course. When comparing the results of survey the majority of questions showed a difference in dietary habits and lifesyle between individual groups of pregnant women. In general, the survey shows that majority of women know very well what they can and cannot afford during pregnancy in order not to endanger themselves and their baby in particular. This especially regards the elimination of risk factors and maintaining of healthy lifestyle. The degree paper shows that correct diet composition during pregnancy is important not only for the mother but namely for the baby. With a suitable diet, complications during pregnancy, labour as well as in the later child{\crq}s age can be prevented.
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Unplanned pregnancy issues of drug-addicted women.
SALVOVÁ, Denisa
At present the number of drug addicted women who incidentally become pregnant is increasing. The children of such woman usually end in care of their grandparents, in infantile institutions and children homes. It is important to prevent unplanned and unwanted pregnancies in drug addicted women. Institutions providing service to drug addicted should concentrate on prevention of unplanned pregnancy. Women should be informed on risks of possible pregnancy in the context of their drug addiction. If a woman becomes pregnant and pregnancy is wanted it is necessary to enable a women treatment which would take into account the stay of a mother with a child. The impossibility of treatment of a mother with a child is a very discouraging factor of treatment. Most of drug addicted women are not willing to admit their drug addiction because they are afraid of losing a child. The cooperation of treatment facilities and gynaecology-maternity departments of hospitals should be common. With regard to the insufficient treatment facilities enabling common stay, it is not easy to ensure that a mother and her child start treatment in time. The more available the treatment for a mother the more probable is the mother ´s decision for the treatment. It is necessary to build the net of treatment facilities where mothers would be enabled to undergo the treatment with their children.
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Related injuries during pregnaney and nursing care matters.
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Alena
This bachelor{\crq}s thesis focuses on the injuries in pregnancy and the issue of nursing care. The theoretical part characterises the occurrence of injuries, moreover it deals with individual types of injuries and healing, poly-traumas and prevention of pregnant women travelling by car. In the practical part, four goals and four research questions were prepared. The target of this thesis was to find out what kind of injuries occur in pregnancy at most, what is the impact of the injuries on the health of the pregnant women, if the pregnant women realise the danger while utilizing the public transport means and what are the most frequent problems in the nursing care of women after the injuries.
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Doula´s influence with a smooth course of childbirth and with a job of the midwife and of the child´s nurse
BELEŠOVÁ, Romana
Child delivery, as well as death, is a universal experience. It may be the most powerful creative experience, a fraction in the stream of human existence. It may be a celebration of joy and perceived as beautiful and sublime. Child delivery is considered a natural phenomenon leaving deep impression in our minds. Nowadays there is a tendency to the so called natural ways of deliveries. The current trend in maternity hospitals is humanization of obstetrics and delivery in itself. This means that the best way how to spend the period of pregnancy is a good preparation for pregnancy and delivery and the new role of a mother and a father. It is important for the parents to have an active approach to pregnancy from the very beginning, getting information and learning practical skills to the child delivery. It is almost obvious that at the most meaningful event as a child delivery is the father or another close person is present. Besides the closest persons it is a doula who sometimes accompanies the mother. This term denotes a care provider (a guide through the delivery, a companion, an assistant at the delivery) {--} a woman who has basic training on the birth management and knows various nursing procedures. A doula provides emotional support, physical assistance, explains the course of delivery and represents a reliance of ``a friendly presence{\crq}q. To carry out the practical part of the thesis the method of quantitative research was used. The data to confirm or to reject the stated hypotheses were gained through questionnaires distributed from January to March 2009. One type was aimed at mothers and the other was made up for midwives and paediatric nurses. The research set was formed by 110 (100%) female respondents. 42 (38%) of them were mothers form the South Bohemian region, 34 (31%) midwives and 34 (31%) paediatric nurses working in the South Bohemian hospitals, antenatal clinics and paediatric clinics. The research set did not include a large number of respondents since there is not much awareness of the doula issue in public. As each group of female respondents was evaluated separately, the total number of them in each group was considered to be 100%. The objective of the thesis was to find out if mothers are interested in influencing the delivery by a doula, how midwives and paediatric nurses are informed about a doula job description and if the presence of a doula at the delivery is beneficial for the work of midwives and paediatric nurses. All the objectives were accomplished. The first hypothesis assuming the positive evaluation of a doula attendance at the delivery by mothers was confirmed. The second hypothesis, which assumed on the basis of experience gained by practice that midwives are better informed about a doula job responsibility at the delivery, was confirmed. The third hypothesis, which assumed that midwives perceive the presence of a doula at the delivery more positively than paediatric nurses, was also confirmed. The outcomes of the thesis will be beneficial both for mothers pondering over a doula presence at the delivery and for midwives and paediatric nurses who meet doulas accompanying mothers in hospitals and antenatal clinics.
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Sexual Life in Pregnancy
JURIGOVÁ, Gabriela
Abstract The public, often also medical professionals, live under the influence of widespread sexual myths and half-truths which substantially affect their attitudes towards sexuality. Sexuality in pregnancy is all the more encompassed with a lot of superstitions, myths, prejudices and fear. There is a lack of quality information and even professionals, physicians and midwives, often give partners inadequate recommendations. Essentially, pregnancy is a natural fulfillment of biological sense of sexual life. It affects a mental condition not only of a woman but both partners, and consequently influences their sexual life. The objective of this thesis was to determine the level of pregnant women´s knowledge about sexuality in pregnancy and to analyze sexual life in pregnancy. To meet the objective of the research, the quantitative research technique using anonymous questionnaires was applied. Three kinds of anonymous questionnaires were used: one was my own questionnaire focused on finding the level of pregnant women´s knowledge on sexuality in pregnancy. The second and third questionnaires were standardized questionnaires SFŽ ( Sexual Function of a Woman) and Erotic Stimuli Inventory (Hoon - Winoze) (Annex 1). Women were asked to fill in questionnaires both from the perspective of their current situation and from the perspective matching their experience prior to pregnancy. The research set were comprised of women in the third trimester of pregnancy attending the antenatal clinic of the obstetrics-gynaecological department of 1. LF UK (Medical Faculty of the Charles University) and VFN ( the General Faculty Hospital) in Prague. The data stated in the standardized questionnaires were assessed and thereby sexual life of women in the period before pregnancy and during pregnancy was analyzed, the research goal was met. In this thesis the following hypotheses were tested. Hypothesis 1 assuming that pregnant women do not have sufficient information about changes in sexual life during pregnancy and research has been confirmed. Although most women considered the level of their knowledge as sufficient, a proportion of women who want to be informed about the changes in sexual life during pregnancy is prominent. Most women want to be informed about changes in sexual life during pregnancy in an anonymous form. This finding confirms the hypothesis 2 assuming that pregnant women want to be informed about the possibilities of sexual satisfaction during pregnancy. Hypothesis 3 assuming that pregnant women are not satisfied with the level of information about sexuality in pregnancy provided in prenatal counseling has been confirmed. Low percentage of women receives information from a physician or a midwife and they themselves do not ask questions mostly because of shame. Communication about sexuality in our society is still taboo for both professionals and the general public. Hypothesis 4 assuming that the need for sexual intercourse is decreased in pregnancy has been confirmed by the survey. In pregnancy libido, the frequency of sexual intercourse, the need for contact and the ability to achieve orgasm are reduced. Responses to erotic stimuli are shifted to a lower degree of erotic excitement according to the results of the research. The results of the research carried out in the obstetric-gynaecological hospital have revealed the need to improve communication and the information supply provided by the medical staff members to pregnant women and their partners. It is necessary to consider the possibility of anonymous forms of providing information that is not affected by prejudices, attitudes, myths. An information booklet seems to be an appropriate resource. Women in pregnancy want more information and have the right to get it. This is where a midwife can play a significant role by giving professional advice and having open communication with a pregnant woman and her partner.
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Educations concerning problems of gravidity and labour at women with aural handicap in the regions South Bohemia and Passau.
FILIPOVÁ, Marie
A midwife working in the delivery room can get into a situation where communicating with an aurally impaired pregnant woman and effectively educating her becomes essential. Pregnancy and birth represent considerable stress, whether physical or mental, for the organism of every woman. Owing to more complicated communication, aurally handicapped women in particular are subject to increased fear and distress. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the question of physiological pregnancy and birth as well as the specification of aural disability and educational process. The differences in care for pregnant and birthing women in the Czech Republic and Germany are mentioned at the end of the theoretical part. Studying aural disability more consistently as well as possible contradictions and consequences of insufficient communication during pregnancy, birth and subsequent care for the newborn between the staff and the aurally impaired woman enables a more professional view, thus contributing to a better level of prevention of the woman?s physical and mental problems. The empirical part of the thesis aims at finding out the skills and knowledge of the ways of communication and education of midwives within their work responsibilities as far as aurally handicapped women are concerned. The research also consists of deeper understanding of the area where the necessary educational process should be aimed from the point of view of aurally impaired women?s needs. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to get and process data for the empiric part. The quantitative research survey was carried out through the method of data collection by a questionnaire for midwives working in the delivery room. The qualitative part of the research survey was carried out via framework analysis of the output gained from half-structured interviews conducted with aurally handicapped women. Identifying the communication skills of midwives with aurally impaired women in the obstetrics can result in the optimization of the mutual cooperation between a client and the nursing staff. Upon the learnt facts, the thesis points put potential problems in the area of education of aurally handicapped women. At the same time, suitable communication and education strategies are recommended within the professional powers of a midwife in the area of informing aurally handicapped women about pregnancy and birth.
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