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Ultrafast laser-induced control of magnetic materials
Opršal, Jakub ; Wojewoda, Ondřej (oponent) ; Arregi Uribeetxebarria, Jon Ander (vedoucí práce)
Magnetic materials are widely used for digital data storage. Data are written in form of bits using external magnetic field. It was long thought that magnetic materials could not be controlled faster than 10-100 ps. A breakthrough experiment in 1996 paved the way for a new field, showing that light can also controlled with femtosecond laser pulses and in the order of picoseconds. Here, we replicate fundamental laser-induced all-optical switching experiments in ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials. Ultrafast laser setup was developed to perform such experiments with different light polarization. Thanks to this, we can distinguish different mechanism and different phenomena present for ultrafast control of magnetic materials.
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Phase-resolved Brillouin light scattering: development and applications
Wojewoda, Ondřej ; Dubroka, Adam (oponent) ; Urbánek, Michal (vedoucí práce)
Spin waves have the potential to be used as a new platform for data transfer and processing as they can reach wavelengths in the nanometer range and frequencies in the terahertz range. To be able to design the spin-wave devices and logic circuits we need to be able to gather the information about spatial distribution of the spin-wave intensity and if possible, also their phase. This can be measured with the use of phase-resolved micro-Brillouin-light-scattering (µ-BLS) setup. The presented work deals with extending the existing intensity resolved setup with the possibility to also acquire the spin-wave phase. The upgraded Brillouin light scattering setup is thoroughly described and its performance is characterized. The capabilities of the developed setup are demonstrated in the study of propagation of spin waves through a Néel domain wall. The acquired 2D spin-wave intensity maps reveal that spin-wave transmission through a domain wall is influenced by a topologically enforced circular Bloch line in the domain wall center and that the propagation regime depends on the spin-wave frequency. In the first regime, two spin-wave beams propagating around the circular Bloch line are formed, whereas in the second regime, spin waves propagate in a single central beam through the circular Bloch line. Phase-resolved µ-BLS measurements reveal a phase shift upon transmission through the domain wall for both regimes. Micromagnetic modelling of the transmitted spin waves unveils a distortion of their phase fronts which needs to be taken into account when interpreting the measurements and designing potential devices. Moreover, we show, by means of micromagnetic simulations, that an external magnetic field can be used to move the circular Bloch line within the domain wall to manipulate spin-wave propagation.
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Magneto-optical imaging and analysis of magnetic domain microstructures
Molnár, Tomáš ; Wojewoda, Ondřej (oponent) ; Arregi Uribeetxebarria, Jon Ander (vedoucí práce)
Magneto-optical effects are associated with the interaction of polarized light with magnetized media. Although discovered nearly two centuries ago, magneto-optics is a widely utilized tool for magnetic characterization due to its high sensitivity and versatility. For example, it enables visualization of magnetic domain structures in microscale magnetic systems via wide-field magneto-optical microscopy. The majority of research on this topic has employed linear effects in magnetization to image domains in ferromagnetic materials, where one measures an optical contrast for regions with opposite magnetization orientations. It has been recently shown that even antiferromagnetic materials can be studied using quadratic magneto-optical effects (Voigt effect), making it possible to visualize regions with different spin axis orientations. In this work, we perform a fundamental magneto-optical microscopy study of magnetic thin film and microstructure systems using linear and quadratic effects. Consequently, the microscale magnetization configuration of continuous and patterned magnetic thin films is interpreted via the image processing strategy developed in this thesis, leading to quantitative vector magnetometry. Moreover, the coexistence of the ferro- and antiferromagnetic phase domains in FeRh films was investigated using optical and magneto-optical microscopy.
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Disperzní relace magnonických krystalů s netriviální prostorovou distribucí magnetické anizotropie
Wojewoda, Ondřej ; Hamrle,, Jaroslav (oponent) ; Flajšman, Lukáš (vedoucí práce)
Magnonika je poměrně novým vědním oborem zabývajícím se spinovými vlnami, což jsou kolektivní excitace magnetizace. Základními stavebními prvky magnonických obvodů, které umožňují kontrolu nad disperzí spinových vln jsou magnonické krystaly. Jejich periodická struktura zapříčiní vznik komplexní pásové struktury s pásem zakázaných frekvencí. Periodické struktury lze klasicky dosáhnout modulací tloušťky materiálu nebo skokovou změnou saturační magnetizace. Předložená práce se zabývá teoretickým popisem disperzních relací magnonických krystalů, kde je periodicity systému dosahováno modulací směru uniaxiální magnetické anizotropie a kontinuální změnou saturační magnetizace. Pro lepší vhled do chování spinových vln v prostředí se změnou magnetických vlastností je uvedena teorie popisující lom a odraz spinových vln na rozhraní, která byla dále ověřena numerickými simulacemi.
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Development of the scanning time-resolved Kerr microscope
Nekula, Zdeněk ; Arregi Uribeetxebarria, Jon Ander (oponent) ; Wojewoda, Ondřej (vedoucí práce)
In recent days, magnetic materials, structures, and devices are getting more popular, especially those related to spintronics. Research and development of such magnetic samples require a way to observe magnetization with good spatial and temporal resolution. Most dynamic changes of magnetization are realized in nanoseconds or even faster. If we can detect these dynamic processes, we can reveal many exciting magnetization features and add the fourth dimension to our experiments. We introduce a scanning Kerr microscope working in two modes: static and dynamic. In static mode, our microscope detects a direction of magnetization in a variable magnetic field. In dynamic mode, we use a pump-probe method to reach a temporal resolution and observe a fast evolution of magnetization.
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Studium propagace spinových vln v prostředí s netriviální distribucí magnetizace
Klíma, Jan ; Staňo, Michal (oponent) ; Wojewoda, Ondřej (vedoucí práce)
Magnonika je obor fyziky zabývající se spinovými vlnami a jejich kvazičásticemi – magnony. Spinové vlny jsou jedním z kandidátů pro budoucí výpočetní technologie. Obvody a součástky využívající vlastnosti spinových vln mají potenciál doplnit či nahradit ty současné, založené na CMOS technologiích, které již dosáhly svého fyzikálního limitu. Pro zpracování informací pomocí spinových vln je zapotřebí umět spinové vlny efektivně navádět v magnonických obvodech, zejména v různě zahnutých vlnovodech propojujících jednotlivé prvky obvodů. Kvůli anizotropnímu chování spinových vln není tato problematika zcela triviální a dosud nebyla dostatečně prozkoumána. V této práci jsme využili zvlnění magnetické vrstvy vlnovodu, které indukuje uniaxiální magnetickou anizotropii, s jejíž pomocí můžeme efektivně ovládat směr magnetizace ve vlnovodu s prostorovým rozlišením v řádu desetin mikrometru. Tímto způsobem můžeme šířit spinové vlny v požadovaných módech v různých směrech bez nutnosti vnějšího pole. K návrhu zatáčky jsme vytvořili model, který analyzuje energetické příspěvky magnetizace a najde tak velikost a směr výsledného efektivního magnetického pole. Pomocí tohoto modelu a důkladné analýzy disperzní relace jsme navrhli zahnutý vlnovod, který je schopný stočit spinové vlny, což jsme prokázali mikroskopií Brillouinova rozptylu světla.
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Ultrafast laser-induced control of magnetic materials
Opršal, Jakub ; Wojewoda, Ondřej (oponent) ; Arregi Uribeetxebarria, Jon Ander (vedoucí práce)
Magnetic materials are widely used for digital data storage. Data are written in form of bits using external magnetic field. It was long thought that magnetic materials could not be controlled faster than 10-100 ps. A breakthrough experiment in 1996 paved the way for a new field, showing that light can also controlled with femtosecond laser pulses and in the order of picoseconds. Here, we replicate fundamental laser-induced all-optical switching experiments in ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials. Ultrafast laser setup was developed to perform such experiments with different light polarization. Thanks to this, we can distinguish different mechanism and different phenomena present for ultrafast control of magnetic materials.
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Magneto-optical imaging and analysis of magnetic domain microstructures
Molnár, Tomáš ; Wojewoda, Ondřej (oponent) ; Arregi Uribeetxebarria, Jon Ander (vedoucí práce)
Magneto-optical effects are associated with the interaction of polarized light with magnetized media. Although discovered nearly two centuries ago, magneto-optics is a widely utilized tool for magnetic characterization due to its high sensitivity and versatility. For example, it enables visualization of magnetic domain structures in microscale magnetic systems via wide-field magneto-optical microscopy. The majority of research on this topic has employed linear effects in magnetization to image domains in ferromagnetic materials, where one measures an optical contrast for regions with opposite magnetization orientations. It has been recently shown that even antiferromagnetic materials can be studied using quadratic magneto-optical effects (Voigt effect), making it possible to visualize regions with different spin axis orientations. In this work, we perform a fundamental magneto-optical microscopy study of magnetic thin film and microstructure systems using linear and quadratic effects. Consequently, the microscale magnetization configuration of continuous and patterned magnetic thin films is interpreted via the image processing strategy developed in this thesis, leading to quantitative vector magnetometry. Moreover, the coexistence of the ferro- and antiferromagnetic phase domains in FeRh films was investigated using optical and magneto-optical microscopy.
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Development of the scanning time-resolved Kerr microscope
Nekula, Zdeněk ; Arregi Uribeetxebarria, Jon Ander (oponent) ; Wojewoda, Ondřej (vedoucí práce)
In recent days, magnetic materials, structures, and devices are getting more popular, especially those related to spintronics. Research and development of such magnetic samples require a way to observe magnetization with good spatial and temporal resolution. Most dynamic changes of magnetization are realized in nanoseconds or even faster. If we can detect these dynamic processes, we can reveal many exciting magnetization features and add the fourth dimension to our experiments. We introduce a scanning Kerr microscope working in two modes: static and dynamic. In static mode, our microscope detects a direction of magnetization in a variable magnetic field. In dynamic mode, we use a pump-probe method to reach a temporal resolution and observe a fast evolution of magnetization.
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Phase-resolved Brillouin light scattering: development and applications
Wojewoda, Ondřej ; Dubroka, Adam (oponent) ; Urbánek, Michal (vedoucí práce)
Spin waves have the potential to be used as a new platform for data transfer and processing as they can reach wavelengths in the nanometer range and frequencies in the terahertz range. To be able to design the spin-wave devices and logic circuits we need to be able to gather the information about spatial distribution of the spin-wave intensity and if possible, also their phase. This can be measured with the use of phase-resolved micro-Brillouin-light-scattering (µ-BLS) setup. The presented work deals with extending the existing intensity resolved setup with the possibility to also acquire the spin-wave phase. The upgraded Brillouin light scattering setup is thoroughly described and its performance is characterized. The capabilities of the developed setup are demonstrated in the study of propagation of spin waves through a Néel domain wall. The acquired 2D spin-wave intensity maps reveal that spin-wave transmission through a domain wall is influenced by a topologically enforced circular Bloch line in the domain wall center and that the propagation regime depends on the spin-wave frequency. In the first regime, two spin-wave beams propagating around the circular Bloch line are formed, whereas in the second regime, spin waves propagate in a single central beam through the circular Bloch line. Phase-resolved µ-BLS measurements reveal a phase shift upon transmission through the domain wall for both regimes. Micromagnetic modelling of the transmitted spin waves unveils a distortion of their phase fronts which needs to be taken into account when interpreting the measurements and designing potential devices. Moreover, we show, by means of micromagnetic simulations, that an external magnetic field can be used to move the circular Bloch line within the domain wall to manipulate spin-wave propagation.
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