Národní úložiště šedé literatury Nalezeno 14 záznamů.  1 - 10další  přejít na záznam: Hledání trvalo 0.01 vteřin. 
The role of dispersion medium on nanoparticle aggregation and size in biological systems
Červená, Tereza ; Rössnerová, Andrea ; Závodná, Táňa ; Vrbová, Kristýna ; Sikorová, Jitka ; Topinka, Jan ; Rössner ml., Pavel
The use of nanomaterials (NMs) in different areas has been rising for more than a decade. Along with this growth, there is visible development of different testing tools and approaches for measuring the actual size of nanomaterials in biological systems. Test conditions during in vitro toxicological assays are different from the standard conditions under which nanomaterials are characterized and careful evaluation of results is needed. The unique properties and range variety of NMs require the close look how the NMs behave in different dispersion medium over time. In this study we present the results of five types of well-characterized NMs (TiO2: NM-101 and NM-103, SiO2: NM-200, Ag: NM-300K and NM-302) of specific size and shape. The hydrodynamic size and Zeta potentials in suspensions were measured using a dynamic light scattering technique (DLS) (Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern, UK). The DLS method is suitable for spherical particles, nevertheless, all samples were measured in order to obtain a rough insight into agglomerate formation in the medium. NM300, NM302, and NM200 aggregated rapidly in the media, thus the cells would be most likely exposed to settled big aggregates then small clusters or individual particles. More stable NMs (NM100 and NM103) showed slight grow along with cultivation time or concentration corresponding to cluster formation. Cells exposed to those NMs would be in contact with small clusters and aggregates of NMs. Measured zeta potentials fluctuated around the stability limit corresponding to observed aggregation.
Toxic responses in human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) exposed to particulate matter exhaust emissions from gasoline and biogasoline
Závodná, Táňa ; Líbalová, Helena ; Vrbová, Kristýna ; Sikorová, Jitka ; Vojtíšek-Lom, M. ; Beránek, V. ; Pechout, M. ; Kléma, J. ; Cigánek, M. ; Machala, M. ; Neča, J. ; Rössner ml., Pavel ; Topinka, Jan
Motor vehicle emissions substantially contribute to air pollution worldwide and cause serious health problems. While the deleterious effects of diesel exhaust particulate matter (PM) have been widely studied, much less attention is paid to toxicity of PM emitted by gasoline engines although they also produce considerable amount of PM. The primary objective of this research was to assess toxic potencies of exhaust PM released by conventional gasoline engine fueled with neat gasoline (EU) or gasoline-ethanol blend (15% ethanol, v/v, E15). Despite a similar particle mass (mu g PM/kg fuel) produced by both fuels, PM emitted by E15 contained higher amount of harmful polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as suggested by chemical analysis. To examine the toxicity of organic PM constituents, human lung BEAS-2B cells were exposed for 4h and 24h to a subtoxic dose of E0 and E15 PM organic extracts. We used genome scale transcriptomic analysis to characterize the toxic response and to identify modulated biological process and pathways. Whereas 4h exposure to both PM extracts resulted in modulation of similar genes and pathways related to lipid and steroid metabolism, activation of PPAR alpha, oxidative stress and immune response, 24h exposure was more specific for each extract, although both induced expression of PAH-metabolic enzymes, modulated metabolism of lipids or activated PPAR alpha, E15 additionally deregulated variety of other pathways. Overall, the PM mass produced by both fuels was similar, however, higher PAH content in E15 PM organic extract may have contributed to more extensive toxic response particularly after 24h exposure in BEAS-2B cells.
Suicidální chování v adolescentním věku
Vrbová, Kristýna ; Chudomelová, Lenka (vedoucí práce)
The present thesis aims to concentrate available sources of scientific literature on adolescent suicidal behavior, which would also provide a tutu on certain issues holistic view. In the introductory part of the thesis points to the fact that suicidal behavior is being explored especially psychiatric disciplines because in psychiatric disorders are at high risk of suicidal behavior. The seriousness of this issue and the benefit of that statistical data on both the domestic and the World Health Organization, the number of suicide attempts and suicides are mentioned also the trends per decade for the Czech Republic (from r. 1990). In the next part of the thesis are presented in various forms of suicidal behavior with an indication of the usual motivation, quantitative data on the most frequently used methods of suicide in this country and abroad. In connection with the study of adolescent suicidal behavior are also explored in parallel manifestations of self-harm, stating the characteristic differences. The analysis of risk factors for suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. Special attention is paid to the influence of the family, the school environment, the role of their own state of health, religion, social situation, etc. Separately are analyzed negative effects of drug addiction. Attention is also...
SIZE AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN NANO-TiO2 TOXICITY IN MACROPHAGE-LIKE CELLS
Líbalová, Helena ; Sikorová, Jitka ; Brzicová, Táňa ; Milcová, Alena ; Vrbová, Kristýna ; Pikal, P. ; Topinka, Jan ; Rössner ml., Pavel
A set of NPs consists of 5 variants of anatase and 5 variants of rutile nanoparticles differing in their diameter (from 3 to 165 nm). TiO2 samples were characterized in the powder form and dispersed in water and cell culture media. Three cytotoxicity assays were used: MTS, WST-1, and LDH. For all nanomaterials, three independent repetitions were carried out. \n\nOverall, cytotoxicity of all NPs was low even at the highest concentration of 256 mu g/ml. The viability of cells did not decrease below 60% for WST-1 and MTS assays and 80% for the LDH assay. Besides concentration, crystalline size was identified as the most important cytotoxic factor. Clear nonlinear relationship between crystalline size and cytotoxicity was detected, higher toxicity induced NPs within the size range 20-60 nm. Increased cytotoxicity in given diameter size range would give an answer to inconsistent findings at size and cytotoxicity relationship.
GENOTOXICITY OF NANOMATERIALS IN BEAS-2B CELLS ANALYZED BY THE IN VITRO MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY
Rössnerová, Andrea ; Červená, Tereza ; Brzicová, Táňa ; Vrbová, Kristýna ; Sikorová, Jitka ; Topinka, Jan ; Rössner ml., Pavel
The tremendous increase of the use of nanomaterials (NMs) has been witnessed during the last decade in many areas of human life including the chemical industry, cosmetics, biomedicine or food technology. The variety of NMs, their unique properties, almost ubiquitous presence and the size range of 1-100 nm raised the interest of toxicologists. The evaluation of the frequency of micronuclei (MN) as a result of the genotoxic events is a broadly utilized and well-established approach in in vitro studies for testing the risk of chemical exposure. Nevertheless, properties of the NMs give rise to the questions concerning the optimal methodological variants of the MN assay. \n\nIn our study, five types of well-characterized NMs (TiO2: NM-101 and NM-103, SiO2: NM-200, Ag: NM-300K and NM-302) of specific size, shape, or e.g. dimensions of aggregates were involved in the genotoxicity testing using four variants of protocols differing in the time of NM exposure, application of cytochalasin-B combined with simultaneous and delayed co-treatment with nanoparticles (NPs). Bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were used in this study to fulfil these tasks. Presence of NPs was controlled by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). \n\nObtained results showed the different genotoxic potential of the various TiO2 and Ag NMs (NM-101< NM-103 and NM-300K> NM-302, respectively). Comparison of all testing strategies revealed, that the level of DNA damage can differ based on the time of exposure and the methodological approach. In general, using cytochalasin-B led most frequently to the increase of the genotoxic potential of the tested NMs.
WHOLE-GENOME EXPRESSION ANALYSIS IN THP-1 MACROPHAGE-LIKE CELLS EXPOSED TO DIVERSE NANOMATERIALS
Brzicová, Táňa ; Líbalová, Helena ; Vrbová, Kristýna ; Sikorová, Jitka ; Philimonenko, Vlada ; Kléma, J. ; Topinka, Jan ; Rössner ml., Pavel
From the perspective of the immune system, nanomaterials (NMs) represent invading agents. Macrophages are immune cells residing in all organs and tissues as the first line of defense. Interactions of macrophages with NMs can determine the fate of NMs as well as their potential toxic effects. In the present study, we compared toxicity of four different types of NMs [NM-100 (TiO2, 110 nm), NM-110 (ZnO, 20 nm), NM-200 (SiO2, 150 nm) and NM-300K (Ag, 20 nm)], towards THP-1 macrophage-like cells. Cells were incubated with non-cytotoxic concentrations (1-25 mu g/ml) of NMs for 24 hours and microarray technology was used to analyze changes in whole-genome expression. Gene expression profiling revealed a substantially different molecular response following exposure to diverse NMs. While NM-100 did not exert any significant effect on gene expression profile, all other NMs triggered a pro-inflammatory response characterized by an activation of the NF-kappa B transcription factor and induced expression of numerous chemokines and cytokines. NM-110 and NM-300K further modulated processes such as DNA damage response, oxidative and replication stress as well as cell cycle progression and proteasome function. We suppose that genotoxicity of ZnO and Ag NMs leading to DNA damage and alternatively to apoptosis in THP-1 macrophages is probably caused by the extensive intracellular dissolution of these NPs, as confirmed by TEM imaging.
GENE EXPRESSION AND IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE IN MICE EXPOSED TO ZnO NANOPARTICLES
Rössner ml., Pavel ; Vrbová, Kristýna ; Strapáčová, S. ; Rössnerová, Andrea ; Ambrož, Antonín ; Brzicová, Táňa ; Líbalová, Helena ; Javorková, Eliška ; Zajícová, Alena ; Holáň, Vladimír ; Kulich, P. ; Večeřa, Zbyněk ; Mikuška, Pavel ; Coufalík, Pavel ; Křůmal, Kamil ; Čapka, Lukáš ; Dočekal, Bohumil ; Šerý, Omar ; Machala, M. ; Topinka, Jan
We analyzed gene expression changes in the lungs and the immunological response in splenocytes of mice exposed by inhalation of ZnO nanoparticles - NP. Adult female ICR mice were treated for three days and three months, respectively. Analysis of differential expression in genes involved in oxidative stress was conducted using quantitative RT-PCR. The potential immunotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of ZnO NP were analyzed by phenotyping and cytokine production by splenocytes after three months exposure. Three days exposure resulted in down-regulation of GCLC, GSR, HMOX-1, NQO-1, NF-kB2, PTGS2 and TXNRD1 mRNA expression, three months exposure increased the expression of these genes. Three months exposure caused a significant decrease in the percentage of granulocytes in the spleen cells, and affected the production of IL-10 and IL-6 by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated leukocytes. In summary, our study revealed changes in the expression of genes involved in the oxidative stress response following acute ZnO NP exposure. Subchronic ZnO NP exposure induced immunomodulatory effects in the spleen.
Podoby mecenášství v českém prostředí
Vrbová, Kristýna ; Czumalo, Vladimír (vedoucí práce) ; Jarošová, Markéta (oponent)
Diplomantka zpracuje mezioborovou syntézu o významu mecenášství v dějinách českého výtvarného umění. Jádrem práce bude analýza zvoleného fenoménu prostřednictvím čtyř případových studií, věnovaných vybraným osobnostem, které reprezentují různé časové horizonty a různé typy mecenátu: Josefu Hlávkovi, Václavu Špačkovi ze Starburgu, Augustu Švagrovskému a Pavlu Vašíčkovi. Jádrové kapitoly připraví jednak kritické vyrovnání s dosavadní literaturou, jednak obecnější expozice předmětu práce. Případové studie pak zobecní a shrne závěrečná kapitola, která stanoví specifika mecenášství v českém prostředí. Součástí práce bude obrazová příloha. Klíčová slova mecenáš, mecenášství, Josef Hlávka, August Švagrovský, Václav Špaček ze Starburgu, Pavel Vašíček
In vitro cultivation of the trematode species Trichobilharzia regenti
Vrbová, Kristýna ; Kašný, Martin (vedoucí práce) ; Skelly, Patrick (oponent)
Třída Trematoda zahrnuje mnoho patogenních zástupců, mezi nimi významného lidského parazita druhu Schistosoma mansoni (čeleď Schistosomatidae). Její blízký příbuzný, ptačí schistosoma Trichobilharzia regenti, je hlavním předmětem této práce. In vitro kultivace motolic může být vhodným krokem pro bližší pochopení biologie těchto organizmů a jejich vztahů s hostitelem. Žádný druh motolice však dosud nebyl v in vitro podmínkách kultivován od vajíčka po dospělce produkujícího opět vajíčka. Kultivací S. mansoni se do dnešní doby zabývalo mnoho studií, ale informace v literatuře týkající se kultivace T. regenti jsou prozatím strohé. V tomto ohledu bylo dosud pouze dosaženo in vitro transformace cerkárií T. regenti ve schistosomula s následným přežitím několik dní v kultivačním médiu. S cílem získat co nejvyšší množství cerkárií s odlomeným ocáskem (jakožto stimulem pro transformaci cerkárií T. regenti ve schistosomula) bylo porovnáno osm transformačních metod. Vybraných pět metod bylo dále zhodnoceno z hlediska základních charakteristik časného schistosomula (svlečený glykokalyx, vyprázdněné penetrační žlázy, přežití v in vitro podmínkách). Bylo zjištěno, že transformace cerkárií s použitím injekční jehly či tkáňového homogenizátoru BeadBeateru poskytuje nejvyšší procento cerkárií s odlomeným ocáskem....
Jak rozuměl Jindřich Prucha Antonínu Slavíčkovi
Vrbová, Kristýna ; Lahoda, Vojtěch (vedoucí práce) ; Prahl, Roman (oponent)
Tato práce chce poukázat na spojení malíře Jindřicha Pruchy s Antonínem Slavíčkem. Bakalářská práce porovnává a komentuje několik jejich děl se stejnou nebo velmi podobnou tématikou. Těmito tématy jsou: pohřeb, Zlatá ulička, vesnice Kameničky a pohled do lesa. Antonín Slavíček, ceněný umělec, patřil do starší generace umělců, než byl Prucha. Jindřich Prucha časově patřil ke generaci skupiny Osma, nicméně jejich tvorba mu zůstala cizí. Hlavní příčinou je zřejmě přejímání internacionálních motivů a postupů, které Prucha zásadně neschvaloval. Prucha ale nachází své místo jako pokračovatel tradice Antonína Slavíčka. Stejně jako Slavíček obdivuje a miluje českou krajinu a lid v ní. V tomto ohledu Prucha Slavíčka opravdu naplno chápe. Dalo by se říci, že Jindřich Prucha v této tradici zašel ještě dál, protože, jak lze zjistit z jeho korespondence, potřeboval ke své tvorbě právě tu krajinu, která mu byla blízká, a která byla jeho domovem - Železné Hory. Klíčová slova Jindřich Prucha, Antonín Slavíček, krajina, Železné hory, Kameničky, Pohřeb, Zlatá ulička

Národní úložiště šedé literatury : Nalezeno 14 záznamů.   1 - 10další  přejít na záznam:
Viz též: podobná jména autorů
1 VRBOVÁ, Karolína
7 VRBOVÁ, Kateřina
9 VRBOVÁ, Kristýna
7 Vrbová, Kateřina
2 Vrbová, Klára
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