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Národní úložiště šedé literatury Nalezeno 5 záznamů.  Hledání trvalo 0.08 vteřin. 
Optimalizace metody rentgenové počítačové tomografie pro zobrazení materiálů s nízkou hustotou
Maleček, Lukáš ; Oberta, Peter (oponent) ; Zikmund, Tomáš (vedoucí práce)
Rentgenová výpočetní tomografie je technika umožňující trojrozměrné nedestruktivní zobrazování vnitřních struktur měřených objektů. Tato zobrazovací metoda se stala standardním nástrojem využívaným v celé řadě oborů, včetně lékařství, průmyslu či vědy. Tradiční rentgenová výpočetní tomografie je založená na absorpci rentgenového záření při průchodu měřeným objektem. Tento konvenční způsob zobrazování má však své limity, kterých dosahuje například při měření objektů s nízkou hustotou, jež vykazují nízký útlum rentgenového záření. V těchto případech nedochází k zisku dostatečného kontrastu mezi měřeným objektem a pozadím. Diplomová práce se zabývá optimalizací zobrazování ve fázovém kontrastu, který pro překročení limitů absorpční výpočetní tomografie využívá změny ve fázi záření při průchodu vzorkem. V této práci je zaznamenání změn ve fázi dosaženo metodou volného šíření záření. Hlavním cílem je vytvoření metodiky sloužící k nalezení správných parametrů, nejen v části akvizice tomografických dat, ale i pro následné zpracování získaných rentgenových projekcí. Na dosažených výsledcích je kvalitativně i kvantitativně hodnocen přínos vytvořené metodiky.
Quantitative 3D characterization of biological structures by X-ray computed microtomography
Tesařová, Markéta ; Vaňhara,, Petr (oponent) ; Oberta,, Peter (oponent) ; Zikmund, Tomáš (vedoucí práce)
Modern developmental biology uses a broad spectrum of methods for analysing structures of interest. Multi-disciplinary teams are currently pushing forward the understanding of biological questions using 3D approaches. However, one major challenge of 3D imaging techniques in biology is a lack of methodology for quantifying observed phenomena that are often the cause of developmental or genetic disorders. One of the methods whose application has been widely spread in recent years is X-ray computed microtomography (microCT). This technique provides isotropic resolution up to 1 µm and, when a sample is appropriately prepared, a wide variety of tissue differentiation. However, biological structures are usually diverse in size and shape, and every task requires a specific solution regarding data processing. This work addresses the implementation of microCT for imaging and mainly 3D characterization of biological structures ex-vivo. Particular emphasis is given to analysing soft tissues in mouse embryos’ heads and imaging salamander species, focusing on their regeneration ability. This work describes the relevant information for microCT users dealing with biological samples; it includes the preparation of the sample for measurements, selecting suitable parameters for the experiment and mainly subsequent quantitative analysis of 3D datasets. The latest technological advancements in 3D imaging were studied and tested on concrete projects in the field of developmental biology, where 3D information from microCT played a key role.
X-ray computed tomography analysis of mouse embryonic heart
Dobrovodská, Daniela ; Oberta, Peter (oponent) ; Zikmund, Tomáš (vedoucí práce)
X-ray computed tomography is a versatile technique allowing non-destructive three-dimensional (3D) imaging. It is widely used in industry for metrology and material characterisation. Lately, it has found its importance also in biology and developmental science, where the 3D reconstructed data provide more comprehensive information about the sample than the conventional 2D imaging methods. Moreover, it can produce high-quality images of various biological samples. The obstacle in imaging biological samples might be a very similar attenuation coefficient of soft tissue, and therefore staining with chemical substance must be used. This thesis aims to use microcomputed tomography to visualise and qualitatively evaluate embryonic mouse hearts E17.5 and introduce the best staining protocol. Furthermore, the methodology for highlighting differences between wild type mice and mutant were introduced. Rigaku nano 3DX was used for the experiments with mouse heart interventricular septum, and after considering the specific setting of the device, the phase retrieval algorithm was applied. Finally, the validation of the $\mu$CT data was performed by comparing pictures from the confocal microscope.
X-ray nano computed tomography of structured polymeric biomaterials
Kalasová, Dominika ; Oberta,, Peter (oponent) ; Kataja, Markku (oponent) ; Kaiser, Jozef (vedoucí práce)
This thesis is focused on an advanced imaging method X-ray computed nanotomography (CT). This non-destructive technique is used for the research of various biomaterials in tissue engineering and material science in general (scaffolds, polymers, ceramics, composites, etc.). Visualisation and quantification in 3D are advantageous in multidisciplinary approach usually applied in these fields. The objective of the thesis is divided into two topics. The first topic is about optimisation of the measurement procedure for various soft materials by CT with the laboratory X-ray sources. Mostly, the phase contrast propagation-based CT imaging (PBI) is involved here. This work theoretically describes the PBI and demonstrates this phenomenon via several sets of measurements. The necessary post-processing of PBI data is implemented and evaluated based on data quality enhancement. The second topic shows specific applications of CT in material engineering. Several studies with different CT devices show a few examples of possible applications and image processing options. Examples of correlation of CT with other complementary techniques show how CT can be applied in a multidisciplinary approach to solving complex scientific problems.
Tomographic measurement of industrial parts at temperature below freezing point
Šárközi, Rudolf ; Oberta,, Peter (oponent) ; Zikmund, Tomáš (vedoucí práce)
X-ray computed tomography presents and ultimate for non-destructive investigation of objects. Under normal circumstances is the object placed on stage and the temperature of the object is defined by ambient air. However there are also cases when observation at freezing or high temperatures is needed to reveal thermal stability of observed object. Naturally the size of used tomography equipment and the object just like form of cooling or heating are subjected to final design. This work provides a summary of used methods for temperature controlled tomography. Furthermore handles about design of cooling chamber capable to reach -40°C by preserving relative high X-ray transparency. As an addition that showed up as a response to additional requirements is here presented a heating chamber, in which the object can be maintained at 80°C . All test and scans were carried out on GE phoenix v|tome|x L240 industrial computed tomography scanner.

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