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The measurement of the heterogeneous particles in the steam
Bartoš, Ondřej ; Hrubý, Jan ; Ždímal, Vladimír ; Kolovratník, Michal ; Jiříček, I. ; Moravec, Pavel ; Zíková, Naděžda
The aim of this extended abstract is to reveal the work done as cooperation between several institutions which was presented and published in recent years (Kolovratník, 2014). The formation of droplets in low-pressure steam turbines has a significant impact on the efficiency of energy conversion due to the strongly nonequilibrium nature of this process . The condensed water also erodes the turbine blades. A very important question is to what extent heterogeneous nucleation contributes to the phase transition process . In the case of heterogeneous nucleation , the number of droplets depends only on the number of h eterogeneous particles in the system, whereas in the case of homogeneous nucleation, the number of created droplets is determined rather by the expansion rate - in a faster expansion, greater supersaturation and more droplets are formed until the released condensation enthalpy quenches the nucleation.\nThe specific number of droplets (number of droplets per unit mass of steam) formed in the turbine can be determined by optical probes, developed first by Walters and later in the Czech Republic improved by Petr and Kolovratník. Until recently, no information was available on the relative importance of heterogeneous nucleation in forming these droplets.
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Aerosoly v parních turbínách?
Kolovratník, Michal ; Hrubý, Jan ; Ždímal, Vladimír
Ačkoli parní oběhy klasických a jaderných elektráren pracují s velmi čistou vodou, existující malé množství příměsí má důležitý vliv na jejich životnost a energetickou účinnost. Je pravděpodobné, že netěkavé příměsi jsou v prostředí suché (přehřáté) páry transportovány ve formě suchých částic či koncentrovaných nanometrických kapiček, aerosolů. Pro detekci těchto částic je navržena nová vzorkovací trať, využívající aerosolovou technologii. Trať bude možno připojit na odběrová místa parní turbíny.
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