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Complex processing of technical hemp and application of isolated fractions
Kohútová, Darina ; Němcová, Andrea (oponent) ; Márová, Ivana (vedoucí práce)
Hemp is a plant containing many active substances and it is widely used in industry. The most common applications are the food, pharmaceutical, textile and cosmetics industries. This diploma thesis dealt with the characterization of hemp fractions, which are created during hemp processing and their potential applications. The theoretical part was focused on the description of the plant, its chemical composition and the research of the active substances in hemp. Also, its industrial use, the technique of hemp processing and the current applications of individual fractions were summarized. In the experimental part, hemp fractions were analysed in terms of nutrient content. Hemp extracts were prepared using three solvents - hexane, 70% ethanol and distilled water, which were compared based on the extraction yield of polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidants, chlorophylls and cannabinoids. Antimicrobial effects were analysed in hexane and ethanol extracts. By-products of hemp processing were used in some screening application in biotechnology, cosmetics and nutrition. The results show that the extract with 70% ethanol had the highest content of active substances. From the hemp fractions, hemp trichomes and Fedora flowers had the highest content of active substances. Cannabis by-products have the potential to become valuable substrates for yeast cultivation. Face scrub containing hemp flour as an abrasive component had favourable results and was acceptable to consumers, as was the prepared hemp flour raw bar, which was evaluated to be comparable to commercially available hemp protein raw bars.
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Production of biologically active substances by yeasts and algae cultivated on different nutrition sources
Kohútová, Darina ; Němcová, Andrea (oponent) ; Márová, Ivana (vedoucí práce)
Carotenoids are lipophilic pigments and the most widespread antioxidants occurring in nature with great application potencial in the cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food industry. Lipids are one of the essential organic substances of living organisms as a nutrition source and energy supply. This work deals with the optimalization of nutritional characteristics of cultivation medium for cultivation of carotenogenic yeasts and algae. Two waste substrates were used and different nitrogen sources, NaCl concentrations, and various C/N ratios were applied. The biomass obtained was analysed by chromatography, and the production of carotenoids, ergosterol, coenzyme Q and lipids was evaluated. Of the tested nitrogen sources urea was the most favourable for yeasts, and sodium nitrate for algae. Higher salt concentration had a negative effect on yeast growth but increased degree of fatty acid unsaturation. Tested C/N led different effects: while the C/N ratio 16 most suitable for growth, the increasing C/N ratio caused the increase of the polyunsaturated fatty acids content. Of the used yeast strains, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor exhibited the best production characteristics, of the used algae strains, it was Chlorella.
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Complex processing of technical hemp and application of isolated fractions
Kohútová, Darina ; Němcová, Andrea (oponent) ; Márová, Ivana (vedoucí práce)
Hemp is a plant containing many active substances and it is widely used in industry. The most common applications are the food, pharmaceutical, textile and cosmetics industries. This diploma thesis dealt with the characterization of hemp fractions, which are created during hemp processing and their potential applications. The theoretical part was focused on the description of the plant, its chemical composition and the research of the active substances in hemp. Also, its industrial use, the technique of hemp processing and the current applications of individual fractions were summarized. In the experimental part, hemp fractions were analysed in terms of nutrient content. Hemp extracts were prepared using three solvents - hexane, 70% ethanol and distilled water, which were compared based on the extraction yield of polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidants, chlorophylls and cannabinoids. Antimicrobial effects were analysed in hexane and ethanol extracts. By-products of hemp processing were used in some screening application in biotechnology, cosmetics and nutrition. The results show that the extract with 70% ethanol had the highest content of active substances. From the hemp fractions, hemp trichomes and Fedora flowers had the highest content of active substances. Cannabis by-products have the potential to become valuable substrates for yeast cultivation. Face scrub containing hemp flour as an abrasive component had favourable results and was acceptable to consumers, as was the prepared hemp flour raw bar, which was evaluated to be comparable to commercially available hemp protein raw bars.
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Production of biologically active substances by yeasts and algae cultivated on different nutrition sources
Kohútová, Darina ; Němcová, Andrea (oponent) ; Márová, Ivana (vedoucí práce)
Carotenoids are lipophilic pigments and the most widespread antioxidants occurring in nature with great application potencial in the cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food industry. Lipids are one of the essential organic substances of living organisms as a nutrition source and energy supply. This work deals with the optimalization of nutritional characteristics of cultivation medium for cultivation of carotenogenic yeasts and algae. Two waste substrates were used and different nitrogen sources, NaCl concentrations, and various C/N ratios were applied. The biomass obtained was analysed by chromatography, and the production of carotenoids, ergosterol, coenzyme Q and lipids was evaluated. Of the tested nitrogen sources urea was the most favourable for yeasts, and sodium nitrate for algae. Higher salt concentration had a negative effect on yeast growth but increased degree of fatty acid unsaturation. Tested C/N led different effects: while the C/N ratio 16 most suitable for growth, the increasing C/N ratio caused the increase of the polyunsaturated fatty acids content. Of the used yeast strains, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor exhibited the best production characteristics, of the used algae strains, it was Chlorella.
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