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Hippotherapy impact on patients after spine injuries
Vaisová, Martina ; Doležalová, Jana (advisor) ; Neumann, Cyril (referee)
The aim of this study was to write the most comprehensive and also current literature review on the effect of hippotherapy on to patiens after spine injuries.
The first part is devoted to the anatomy of the human spine. Spine creates the axis of the trunk skeleton and consists of 33 vertebrae. All vertebrae have the same shape and size. They differ according to which part of the spine they are located and how much mobility occurs in this particular segment of the spine. The vertebrae are divided in cervical, which are the most mobile, thoracic, lumbar, cross and coccyx, which grow together in the sacrum.
Spinal cord is the cylinder of nerve tissue contained in the spinal canal. The nerve tissue is comprised of gray and white matter. 31 pairs of spinal nerves arising from combining the front and rear roots come out of the spinal cord. Spinal cord transmits information from the brain to the body.
Subsequently, the study deals with the causes of spinal injuries. We can say that most injuries occurs in traffic accidents or from falls from height. After a spine injury a spinal cord and conducting nerve impulses are not necessarily damaged . However, after spinal cord injury conduction of nerve impulses is breached and spinal lesion arises. If no improvement appears within 24 hours after trauma, patient's condition is unchanging and interrupted conduction is permanent.
If there is no break spinal cord, rehabilitation is carried out mainly by strengthening the spinal column. In the case of spinal cord transection we use rehabilition mainly to improve preserved functions.
Hippotherapy is a method that can be used after a spine or spinal cord injury. It is a method in which the therapist uses the horse's back as an aid for rehabilitation. The horse's back moves in three directions at step: forward, backward, upward, downward and sideways. These movements are transmitted to the client, for which give rise to facilitation of brain function, and we use it in hippotherapy.
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