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Documentation of the nature reserve Miletinska bazantnice (Czech Republic)
Stejskalová, Klára ; Skalický, Milan (advisor) ; Martinková, Jaroslava (referee)
The aim of this study is to document the floristic species diversity through research in the natural reserve Miletinska bazantnice. Documentation was carried out on the territory concerned during the growing season of 2015. There was a determination of vascular species. The research was mainly focused on endangered and protected species.
The whole area is part of sites of European importance under the Habitats Directive Natura 2000 Miletinska bazantnice was declared a nature reserve in 1954 with an area of 75, 43 hectares and is part of a small-scale specially protected area. Typical features of the area are remnants of natural Podzvicinsko geobiocenosis and therefore the reason for its protection.
Further it describes the history, characteristics of the territory and the natural conditions that are typical for the locality. These include soil science, climate, hydrological, geomorphological, geological and phytogeographical. On the territory of the nature reserve are recorded two memorial trees. It´s oaks (Quercus robur) called Zizkovy duby.
At present territories were found in protected and endangered species and classified under the Red and black list of vascular plants of the Czech Republic (Grulich, 2012) and Decree of the Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic no. 395/1992 Coll. Into the category of rare taxa that require additional attention include species such as Carex otrubae, Cerastium lucorum, Daphne mezereum, Galium boreale, Listera ovata and Primula veris. The only species Platanthera bifolia is ranked in the category of endangered under both the Red and black list of vascular plants in the Czech Republic and under Decree.
In the field survey, attention was also paid to invasive species, sorted by Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic (Pyšek et al., 2012) and categorized archeophytes (Arctium tomentosum, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Chelidonium majus)
and neophytes (Arrhenatherum elatius, Impatiens parviflora) and described their risks (Mlíkovský and Stýblo, 2006)
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Analysis of tourism in Bečov nad Teplou and its proposal for environmentally sound development
Riedlová, Denisa ; Skalický, Milan (advisor) ; Martinková, Jaroslava (referee)
This thesis deals with the information about one part in Karlovy Vary region. Thesis will describe history of the town Bečov nad Teplou, geography of this town and its natural phenomena. It will contain a characteristic of historical, cultural and nature heritage. Also there will be information about the environment, transport, employment opportunities, tourism and city development. It will be created a SWOT analysis and strategy of development in this rural town from the data. The main goal of this thesis is the creating a document which will be used as a strategic material in the creating and development of tourism in Bečov nad Teplou and of course connections with the nature protection. Current town Bečov is strongly committed to building a new, attractive "image", and its goal is to increase tourism. However, with this main goal must correspond a nature protection. This very important point of nature protecting is often in connection with these objectives forgotten.
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Determination of water potential of selected plants grown in water deficit
Procházková, Denisa ; Hniličková, Helena (advisor) ; Martinková, Jaroslava (referee)
Bachelors thesis is processed on the topic Determination of water potential of selected plants grown in water deficit.
Tomatoes and peppers are thermophilic plants which are very prone to lack of moisture. Especially pepper which has smaller root system handles draught much worse. Both of these plants belong to the Solanaceae family.
This family is very important from the aspect of utility. It is because its fruits which can be consumed but they also need enough moisture for its growth. That is the reason why draught is on of the most stressful factors. The First objective of the experiment was to watch the process of the stressful reaction. The second objective was the evaluation of selected species.
The experiment took place in summer 2015 and it focused on young plants of tomatoes and peppers. These plants were exposed to controlled water stress in greenhouse which belongs to the Department of botany and plants physiology (University ČZU in Prague). During the experiment the plants have natural light cinditions a they were grown in containers with garden substrate. The experimental plants were devidet to two subgroups: first group was the controlled and the second was stressed. The first group was regulary watered but the second group has gradual cancellations of watering. Duration of the experiment was 14 days and it was ended after 7th collection when the plants were absolutely dehydrated. Water potential was measured by Dew point meter and mass huminidy was measured with machine called HH2 moisture meter.
The value of water potential with stressed group went down during the experiment. Initial values of Solanum lycopersicum were - 1,09 MPa and they were decreasing down to
- 4,07 MPa. Decreasing tendency was registered with the Capsicum annuum too which values were between - 1,02 MPa - 4,15 MPa. Values measured with stressed plants were lower than values measured with controlled group.
Mass huminidy with stressed plants was changing too. Reduction of soil huminindy was registered during measurement with both stressed species. Measured values were between 0,38 g.g-1 - 0 g.g-1 with Solanum lycopersicum and measured values with Capsicum annuum were between 0,55 g.g-1 - 0,01 g.g-1. When the value measured in stressed plants were lower than those in the control variant. Both species had simillar reaction with the water stress and they were not that different.
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The memorable trees of Melnik (Czech Republic)
Koprnická, Lucie ; Skalický, Milan (advisor) ; Martinková, Jaroslava (referee)
The theme of this thesis are memorabl trees, the Melnik, a town in the Central Region. The work is divided into theoretical part, which is drawn primarily from scientific publications, existing laws and regulations, as well as from the pages AOPK CZ and from information provided by the Municipal Bureau of Melnik. The theoretical part describes the history of the protection and protected trees in the Czech Republic, legislation protected trees, mensurational parameters described below are the most common defects of trees and there is general information on the care of memorial trees. The research deals with seven memorable trees in Melnik. This section focuses on the review and assessment of the health status of selected memorial trees, state sign, characteristic of their territory, to determine the owner of the tree and photographs. At the end of the work are author readings, comparing the values of previous measurements, and then there is the evaluation of the current status of protected trees in Melnik. The conclusion of this work is the management of protected trees and the care provided is drawn trees Melnik and suggestions for other recommended measures for these memorial trees.
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Floristic research of an east the Krkonoše Mountains (Czech Republic) springs area (Elbe)
Hronovská, Markéta ; Skalický, Milan (advisor) ; Martinková, Jaroslava (referee)
Floristic research of spring areas in east part of Krkonoše is subject of this bachelor work. It is based on inventorying and localizing local vascular flowers and mosses. Making out some maps made from this analysis is another point of this work.
Inventory of all species was made in August, September and October 2015. It was made by subjective method. Abundance of all species is result of this method.The scale of abundance was appropriately chosen due to capture the abundance of species richness on the monitored areas. The characteristics of the area of interest were processed by literature research.
Totaly 59 vascular plant species and 9 moss species were deterinated in the second part of 2015 growing season. 8 species were classified as endangered of the total number of vascular plant species. Spring of Blue brook and Renner brook were showed the highest species diversity and the greatest amount of vascular plant species was found on the headwater area of Úpa (so colled deliquescent rock). On the contrary, at least vascular plant species were founded on spring of Dry brook and Javoří brook.
Computer program CANOCO 5 and PAST 3. 11 were used to compare localities by means of multivariate RDA analyses with respect to natural conditions.
After studyiung litereture, which relates to the care and protection of non- forest habitats located in protected areas were suggested a specific management for each site.
Discovered information should be valuable for future detailed inventory of these or similar places.
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Documentation of Memrial trees in Prague
Suchá, Helena ; Skalický, Milan (advisor) ; Martinková, Jaroslava (referee)
The objective of this thesis was to make a list of selected protected trees in Prague with evaluation of their current condition by dendrometric values and their subsequent comparison to values recorded in the Central Nature Protection Registry.
In 20 of the selected trees their height was measured using Nikon Laser 550A laser rangefinder, the trunk circumference in 130cm height was measured with a 30m textile measuring tape, with the exception of one Platanus hispanica specimen at Karlovo Náměstí and one Taxus baccata specimen in Franciscan gardens, where the measurements were made at the heel of the tree. Health and vitality were evaluated usind indirect methods, according to guidelines described in the book by Kolářík et coll. (2010). Along with dendrometric values, species recognition and photographic documentation was made using Canon PowerShot SX1 IS and Fujifilm FinePix JZ 100 digital cameras. The target area is located in Prague, Czech Republic. It contains following cadastral communities: Malá Strana, Nové Město, Staré Město, Smíchov, Hradčany, Liboc, Košíře. The data summary shows that the most numerous genus in the target area is Quercus (7 trees), three of which (Quercus robur) are located in Na Cibulkách urban forest, one Quercus petraea in Obora Hvězda, Quercus robur and Quercus frainetto (one of each) at Smíchov, and one Quercus robur in the Old Town. Another group are four Platanus hispanica trees, located near the Grand Priory, at Kampa, at Charles Square and in Kinský gardens. All four Fagus sylvatica trees are located in Obora Hvězda, close to a group of five Aesculus hippocastanum trees which are listed as one entity. On the slopes of Petřín, there is a Fraxinus excelsior tree belonging in Hradčany community and an Acer campestre belonging in Malá Strana community. The tallest measured protected tree is Fagus sylvatica in Obora Hvězda, the shortest is Taxus baccata near the Grand Priory. The Platanus hispanica, located near the Grand Priory as well, has the greatest measured circumference, the Taxus baccata the smallest. Most evaluated protected trees are in good health and good vitality. Measurements recorded in ÚSOP are from years 2007 to 2014.
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Documentation of trees and shrubs of public garden "Hvezda" (Prague, Czech Republic)
Beranová, Zuzana ; Skalický, Milan (advisor) ; Martinková, Jaroslava (referee)
This bachelors thesis is focused on a brief characterization of Obora Hvězda (Star Game Reserve) and determination of tree species and measuring basic dendrometric values.
The first part is a literature research summarizing knowledge about Obora Hvězda, especially history and biology. History of Obora Hvězda is described since its origin in the 16th century. Emphasis is placed on the Star Summer Palace, which is a part of it. The study also discusses the fauna and flora of the area and, finally, evaluating the state of health of selected trees. The thesis is complemented by photographs and maps.
The second part focuses on the actual determination and measuring dendrometric values. In methodology there is described each step of measurement that had to be performed to determine all of the dendrometric values and also every tool that was used. The results include tables and graphs which are explained and commented upon in the discussion. The resume includes the evaluation of the overall condition of the trees in Obora Hvězda, especially the state of health and landscaping values.
The selected trees were first determined, then their coordinates were found by GPS Garmin Dakota 20 and marked on the map. Dendrometric values like tree girth and tree height were measured using 30m tape measure Cabrio Komelon and altimeter Nikon Laser 550A, crown width and height of deployment was also measured. During the research, the health state, physiological age and landscaping value of each tree was assessed. The photo documentation was done by the LG L90 device.
In the area of interest 50 trees, which can be classified into five plant families, were measured. The occurrence of Quercus petraea, Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior, Betula pendula and Pinus nigra was confirmed. The most abundant is Quercus petraea, which is widely planted and covers the vast majority of Obora Hvězda. The fewest is of Fraxinus excelsior and Betula pendula. B. pendula should be gradually removed, since it is an aerochoric tree. The same can be said about non-native P. nigra, which was planted in the past and currently has a negative impact on the forest development. Most of the area of the natural monument occupy deciduous forests. Physiological age of most trees was marked by number 4, which stands for adult trees that are starting to show signs of growth stagnation. Adolescents (grade 3) were also present. Most of the trees were in good to excellent health condition. The results showed that in the area of interest there are not any trees in emergency or highly disturbed state. Most of the trees also show a high landscaping value, which means that in the area of interest we can find, with a few exceptions, trees of good quality. Occurrence of the valued species in Obora Hvězda was also confirmed by two previous studies, in 1986 and 2010.
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Effect of drought stress factor on glycoalkaloid contents in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Matoušková, Vendula ; Kotíková, Zora (advisor) ; Martinková, Jaroslava (referee)
Potatoes are an important and irreplaceable crop. This kind of crop is very important not only for it is use but also for a nutrition composition. There are also a prominent source of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Outside substances beneficial to health and potatoes contain harmful substances. These substances are foreign or naturally occurring, which include toxic glycoalkaloids. Glycoalkaloids are secondary metabolites of plants. Glycoalkaloids in potatoes have protective function it can increase the synthesis for example in case of pest infestations, mechanical damage or in case of to much light and heat. The potatoes were found several glycoalkaloides. Main, which constitutes 95 % of their content, are alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine. Their toxicity is inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and breaking the cell membranes. The potato tuber is their content is distributed unevenly. The quantity of glycoalkaloids is affected by manny factors as for example place, year, kind, the way how the crops are grown and storage. In Czech Republic the maximum allowed limit of glycoalkaloides in potatoes were made by legislation on 200 mg/kg fresh potato matter. In the commonly grown varieties of the amount is far below the hygienic limit. The methods for isolation of glycoalkaloids in potatoes are mainly chromatographic. The most commonly used HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). In performed experiment was determined the content of majority glycoalkaloid alpha- chaconinu and alpha-solaninu at four different kinds -Milva, Marabel, Laura and Valfi. Drought stress has been studied for their content, assuming their accumulation in comparison with the other two variants - irrigation watering and drip irrigation. The glycoalkaloides content were messured by the UHPLC/MS/MS. The obtained results concluded that the content of glycoalkaloids is the variety dependent. Drought stress can probably increase their content. In our experiment, it positively did not. Important is the choice of kind in case if expectation a hot and dry year of growing. Kinds Milva and Marabel are very good in these conditions. In the case of general principles for cultivation, storage and cooking, the glykoalkaloids does not vision a risk for the consumer.
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The view of different forms of current age
MARTÍNKOVÁ, Jaroslava
The thesis has a theoretical characteristic, it focuses and desribes the current age issue from the demographic, biologic, psychological and social prospective. It addresses the relationship of the society and senior citizens and describes the demonstration of age, the needs of senior citizens, their adaptability to different types of changes and also to health conditions of older people. It also focuses on the end of life, dying and etical principles.
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