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Impact of circadian system disruption on development of gastrointestinal disorders
Kubištová, Aneta ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Červená, Kateřina (referee)
The ability to sense 24-hour cycles in external environment and to adapt to them is present in a great array of species living on the Earth. Mammals possess internal time-keeping system which is composed of circadian clocks located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypotalamus and peripheral clocks in various tissues and organs of the body. These clocks are adapting to the changes of external environment, such as light and dark cycles or feeding cycles. Peripheral clocks in the organs of the digestive system are synchronized with the signals derived from the central clock in the SCN and also with signals from food intake. Discordance between these signals may result in development of various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) related to insufficient digestion or even in higher risk of developing a cancer. This bachelor thesis is generally aimed at circadian rhythms in the body, with the focus on rhythms in the GIT. It will deal with the importance of the circadian rhythms for correct GIT functions. Furthermore, the thesis is focused on connection between the desynchonization of the circadian clock and GIT disease development, namely of obesity and cancer.
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The effect of constant light in early development on the circadian system in the adulthood
Kubištová, Aneta ; Bendová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Jelínková, Dana (referee)
Long-term exposure to constant light results in desynchronization of the circadian system in an adult and is associated with reduced efficiency of many physiological functions timed to the exact time of day, or with the development of some of the so-called civilization diseases. Constant light in adults also results in deterioration of the cognitive abilities or changes in the sleep structure. The effect of night light on the health of an adult organism is studied mainly in connection with shift work or with light pollution. The question of what effect the increased level of night light has on the development of the organism, especially on the development of the nervous system and the circadian system itself, is less studied. This diploma thesis focused on the identification of the extent of changes in the expression of Per2, Nr1d1, Stat3, BDNF genes, as well as genes encoding NMDA receptor subunits and some tissue-specific genes in the retina. Our experiments were performed on adult Long-Evans rats, that spent the first 20 days of their postnatal development in low-intensity constant light. Changes in expression were determined by quantification of mRNA by RT-qPCR in the structures of the frontal and parietal cortex, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, suprachiasmatic nucleus and retina. Behavioral tests...
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Impact of circadian system disruption on development of gastrointestinal disorders
Kubištová, Aneta ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Červená, Kateřina (referee)
The ability to sense 24-hour cycles in external environment and to adapt to them is present in a great array of species living on the Earth. Mammals possess internal time-keeping system which is composed of circadian clocks located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypotalamus and peripheral clocks in various tissues and organs of the body. These clocks are adapting to the changes of external environment, such as light and dark cycles or feeding cycles. Peripheral clocks in the organs of the digestive system are synchronized with the signals derived from the central clock in the SCN and also with signals from food intake. Discordance between these signals may result in development of various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) related to insufficient digestion or even in higher risk of developing a cancer. This bachelor thesis is generally aimed at circadian rhythms in the body, with the focus on rhythms in the GIT. It will deal with the importance of the circadian rhythms for correct GIT functions. Furthermore, the thesis is focused on connection between the desynchonization of the circadian clock and GIT disease development, namely of obesity and cancer.
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