|
|
Morphological relics of the dual in Russian, Czech and Serbian
Ivanova, Regina ; Giger, Markus (advisor) ; Gladkova, Hana (referee)
The master's thesis deals with the topic of morphological relics of the dual in Russian, Czech and Serbian. The aim of the work is to find, sort and describe all found relics in these three languages. The work gives a definition of the dual and indicates the causes of its disappearance and the possibilities of development in the language. In addition, the work contains information about what the dual category looked like in Proto-Slavic, illustrated on the basis of the dual number in Old Slavic, and in what form it is still preserved in Slovenian and Sorbian languages. The work also includes a brief description of relics in all Slavic languages, which gives the right to claim that some relics can be found everywhere in contemporary Slavic languages. Most of them can be seen in the names of paired parts of the body, declension and the concord and government of numerals. This is also confirmed by the detailed research of three selected languages - Russian, Czech and Serbian, whose dual relics form the practical part of the given work.
|
|
|
Language and violence
Mészárosová, Ester ; Chlupáčová, Kamila (advisor) ; Giger, Markus (referee)
Co je podstatou násilí? Kde jsou kořeny tohoto jevu? Jak je možné přesvědčit člověka, že válka je jedna z možností, jak řešit konflikty, že zabíjení toho druhého je v určitých podmínkách nutností a správnou věcí? Je pacifistické hnutí skutečně přežitkem a dílem snílků a idealistů nebo výzva pro každou generaci i jednotlivce? Již antičtí filozofové interpretují válku jako projev lidské přirozenosti, jako výraz věčné touhy člověka po moci. Diskuse Pavla Baršy a Karla Theina v lidových novináchl o vztahu západní filozofie k otázkám války a míru, ale hlavně vztahu historie a filozofie je poučná z dvojího hlediska. Na jedné straně přehledně informuje o hlavních myšlenkových proudech západní filozofie, které se zabívaly otázkou války, státu a práva. Na straně druhé je důkazem velice rezervovaného postoje dnešních myslitelů k pacifismu, který chápe Pavel Barša následovně: ... racionalizacejejenjednou zforem násilí, ideologie mirujenjinouformou války. I když v Baršových úvahách jde o zpochybnění výsostné pozice rozumu ajeho zařazení do diskursu historie, je jeho konečná koncepce historie jako nikdy neutuchajícího boje více výrazem politologa než filozofa. To dokazuje i reakce filozofa Karla Theina, který upozorňuje na přízpěvek Římanů k řeckým úvahám o válce a míru. Za autora myšlenky, která je vzdáleně podobná...
|
|
|
Biaspectual verbs in Russian and Czech
Tikovská, Marie ; Giger, Markus (advisor) ; Stranz-Nikitina, Veronika (referee)
This master's thesis deals with biaspectual verbs in Russian and Czech language. The theoretical part is divided into two main chapters. The first one provides short overview of main areas of aspectological research. Individual subchapters explain and describe basic aspectological concepts - aspect, aspectual pair, aktionsart etc, their functional features and mechanisms of creating aspectual pairs. The second theoretical chapter is devoted to the phenomenon of biaspectuality. It presents different approaches to the nature of biaspectuality and issues of classification of biaspectual verbs. It also maps statistical data about biaspectual verbs in Russian and Czech and describes dynamics of their development. The practical part represents a contrastive analysis of 50 Russian and 50 Czech biaspectual verbs. Main goal was to explore functioning of biaspectual verbs in Russian and Czech, find their new potential aspectual partners, examine mechanisms of their creating and determine extent of their semantic overlap with original borrowed biaspectual verbs, using selected electronic corpuses, the internet and own examples. Finally, based on results of the analysis, are formulated main tendencies of the development of biaspectual verbs in Russian and Czech. Key words Aktionsart, aspect, aspectology,...
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Characteristics of the Czech language of Russian students(with a focus on selected phonetic and morphosyntactic phenomena)
Ramasheuskaya, Katsiaryna ; Šebesta, Karel (advisor) ; Bednaříková, Božena (referee) ; Giger, Markus (referee)
Language adaptation of foreigners is always accompanied by a number of problems connected to the acquisition and the use of the language which becomes the primary communicative tool in the new environment. Ignoring and underestimating these problems typical of a particular language community can result in a failure to master the target language and consequently in the unsuccessful integration in the new society. This thesis is aimed at specific problems in the area of morphosyntax and phonetics, characteristic of Russian-speaking students of Czech. At the same time, it warns about the danger of overestimating positive transfer from Russian and emphasizes the necessity of using special didactic approach in teaching this group of foreign-language speakers. The analysis of the chosen language phenomena is based on the data from the Database of the voice recordings of spoken Czech by native speakers of Russian and the Database of language mistakes in Czech made by speakers whose native language is another Slavic language, which were created, among others, for the purpose of this thesis. The attention is specifically focused on the use of the reflexive se/si, forms of the auxiliary verb to be in the past tense, short forms of personal pronouns in spoken and written production of Russian-speaking...
|
|
|
The Czech modal verb "mít" and its equivalents in Slovenian
Filippovová, Dagmar ; Giger, Markus (advisor) ; Pallasová, Eva (referee)
This diploma paper contents a complex philological analysis of the Czech modal verb mít and a contrastive confrontation with its Slovene semantic equivalents. The analysis of both systems of language is effected on representative authentic texts. The excerpts of the Czech instance material are excerpted from the corpus SYN2000, the Slovene material from the corpus FidaPLUS. The aim of this work is an empirical comparison of both systems of language, whose records would be on the instant applicable in the translation use or in teaching of the Czech language as a foreign language. In the theory and nomenclature the work results from the conventional conception of modality of the Czech grammars, but by the interpretation of the excerpted materials it takes account to the methodics and nomenclature used in the non-Czech literature too. The theoretic basis as well as the used nomenclature are cleared up in the introductory chapters of this thesis. By the research it was found out, that the verb mít embodies several interesting features in the system of the Czech modal verbs. It is a polysemantic and polyfunctional lexeme, that appears not only in modal meanings, but has various high-frequented non-modal meanings as well. It deals partly as a full verb with the possessive, dispositional and partitive lexical...
|
|
|
Language change and language contact phenomena in the Old-Russian documents between the Hansa and Russia and Livonia and Russia
Grišmanova, Marija ; Giger, Markus (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
In the scope of the master thesis under the title "Language Change and Language Contact Phenomena in the Old-Russian documents between the Hansa and Russia and Livonia and Russia" is language change of the Old Russian, its relation with the Low German and the Latin and their contact from the 12th till the 15th ct. For representation of this problem there are used 35 Russian documents, 29 Low German documents and 10 Latin ones from the period mentioned. The ancestor of this paper was a bachelor paper, in which the peculiarities of the town Polock were examined and compared with the Low German material from this region. In the master thesis this problem is deepened, so that the texts from the other West Russian towns as Novgorod, Pskov, Smolensk and Vitebsk are examined, because there was although the contact with German merchants and Livonian knights. Attention is particularly paid to the text description in summa and to the pragmatic strategies, which differ typologically between the Old Russian documents from the different areas and the Low German documents. The paper contains 4 parts: introduction and theoretical part, description of protocol, description of the core of documents and conclusion, there is a list of the literature as well. In the introduction the author describes the problems of the Russian...
|
|
|
Defectiveness of the present converb in literary Russian: codification and use
Beňovský, Jan ; Giger, Markus (advisor) ; Stranz-Nikitina, Veronika (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the defectiveness of present converb in contemporary Russian language. The first part outlines the theoretical solutions of converb in Russian language, its origin and diachronic development. The second part presents basic grammar books illustrating the codification of defectiveness of present converb during the 20th and early 21st century. The grammars of Lomonosov, Grech and Vostokov, which illustrate the state of codification in the previous period, are composed to supplement. On the basis of theoretical knowledge and data from the grammars most often forbidding forms of the converbs were chosen and then submitted to corpus analysis. The aim of the corpus analysis was to verify the actual usage of the forbidding forms of present converbs in literary texts. key words: morphology; Russian; converb; codification; use; corpus
|
|
|
The relation of conversion as a system relation
Kováčová, Kateřina ; Chlupáčová, Kamila (advisor) ; Giger, Markus (referee) ; Panevová, Jarmila (referee)
The relation of conversion is a semantic relation between lexemes ( or between other typ es of language expressions) that is assessed- as far as its appurtenance to the system oflanguage is concemed - in various theories of language in a different way. Informally, these expressions are usually considered to be in the relation of conversion which "denote the same situation always from a different perspective", such as e.g. the verbs dát - dostat, prodat - koupit, půjčit- půjčit si, vyhrát- prohrát or the nouns vítězství- porážka. In this thesis, the relation of conversion is regarded as a type of a semantic relation that is inherent in the language system and therefore it should be included in the whole theoretical description of language. The author tries to support this standpoint that issues from a more or less intuitive observation of the properties of lexemes in the conversion relation and from their comparison with other lexemes by a consequent description of the nature of the semantic relation of conversion within the formally constructed theory of the Functional Generative Description of Language (FGD). This task is necessarily associated with specific modifications (extensions) of the terrninological framework of FGD because in the theory of FGD the field of lexical semantics has not yet been...
|
guest ::
