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Application of the principle of autonomy in the field of death and dying of seniors in the Czech Republic
D´mello, Petra ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
Diploma thesis "Application of the principle of autonomy in the field of death and dying of seniors in the Czech Republic" primaly deals with issues related to the right to self-determination, human dignity and desires associated with the end of life. It seeks to answer the question of the extent to which the autonomy of the individual can be respected and to participate in end-of-life healthcare decisions through the legal concept of living will, even if the person is in a position that does not allow to express the will. Although this institute is firmly rooted in the legal order of the Czech Republic, awareness of this legal concept is insufficient among the public and rarely used, unlike the Federal Republic of Germany, where the institute is usually applied by seniors. The aim of the work is to reflect the current issues of dying and death from an ethical point of view and provide comprehensive information on the current possibilities of exercising the right to self-determination, which can significantly support the quality of human care in the terminal phase of life.
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The use of authentic materials in English language lessons in Czech lower secondary school
Šišková, Veronika ; Dvořák, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Mikuláš, Martin (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with authentic materials and the use of authentic materials in English language teaching. It is divided into two main parts. The theoretical part focuses on the definitions of authentic materials and authenticity in the context of language classroom. Different views on the subject matter are compared and summarized. The link between the real- world impact and the use of authentic materials and its influence on the motivation of the pupils is briefly discussed as well. Followingly, the thesis contains a classification of the authentic materials and advantages and potential shortcomings of their use. Each material type includes a number of activities usable in English lessons. The research for the practical part was conducted at an elementary school. The practical part thus consists of two main sections, specifically designing, piloting and observing lessons where different kinds of authentic materials were employed as well as a questionnaire filled by pupils. The questionnaire inquires the learners firstly about the lessons they attended. Furthermore, it also focuses on attitudes of the pupils towards the use of authentic materials in English lessons in general, their use in pupils' free time and their preferred authentic English material kinds. The survey results are...
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Procedural Admissibility of Evidence in Criminal Proceedings in the Light of the Courts' Decision-Making Practice
El Haddidy, Tom ; Mulák, Jiří (advisor) ; Šelleng, Dalibor (referee)
1 Procedural Admissibility of Evidence in Criminal Proceedings in the Light of the Courts' Decision-Making Practice Abstract In the absence of a comprehensive statutory regulation of the admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings, various problems arise in application practice. In order to properly grasp the issue at hand, I first analyse the principle of due process of law, then the statutory regulation of the procedural admissibility of evidence, and finally the opinions of scholarship. The result of my analysis is a categorization of the various causes of the inadmissibility of evidence and a distinction of the terminology used. I deal with the terms "zákonnost důkazu", "přípustnost důkazu", "účinnost důkazu", and "použitelnost důkazu" and discuss their relationships. I apply the acquired knowledge to the decision-making practice of courts. On the basis of the analysis of the decision-making practice, I classify the various causes of the resulting inadmissibility into the categories of "absolutně neúčinný důkaz", "relativně neúčinný důkaz", "zákonný poznatek, který je nepřípustným důkazem" and "zákonem neupravený poznatek, který je nepřípustným důkazem". This leads to one of the main conclusions of my thesis, namely the categorization of the causes of the inadmissibility of evidence in terms of...
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Complexity of social identity in relation to self-efficacy: analysis of hierarchy significance within a corporate environment
Křížová, Lucie ; Heider, David (advisor) ; Machovcová, Kateřina (referee)
In this paper, we examine the complexity of social identity in the corporate environment and its impact on individuals' perceived self-efficacy. We explore this relationship within the framework of a corporate hierarchy consisting of two identified groups: the BO group (non-technical and support experts) and the FO group (technical and business experts). The perceived prestige of these groups corresponds to a division between the high-status FO group and the low-status BO group. In the theoretical section, we discuss the definition of basic concepts to better contextualize them within the present issue. These concepts include social identity theory, self- categorization theory, the definition of in-group and out-group, and the status of groups. The aim of this endeavor was to investigate the relationship between the degree of identification with the in-group and perceived self-efficacy, how the relationship between identification with the firm as a whole and perceived self-efficacy manifests in the context of low-status/high-status groups, and the relationship between an individual's identification with the in-group and their identification with the whole group. To achieve this, we conducted a questionnaire survey in a specific firm (N=64), using methods that track subjective self-perception in an...
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Common defence policy in the contex of the EU law
Syruček, Václav ; Říha, Michal (advisor) ; Svoboda, Pavel (referee)
178 Common defence policy in the context of EU law Abstract: This thesis deals with the common defence policy in the context of EU law. The common defence policy is an undefined area of the EU's common defence and security policy. The first part of the work is devoted to the necessary theory of security policy, the theoretical concept of grand strategy, deterrence strategy and a brief history of the security integration of Europe, up to the establishment of the European Union and the increasingly extensive legal regulation of the area of common security and defence policy. Special emphasis is placed on the presentation of less well-known concepts in the Czech Republic, such as the theory of grand strategy, the theoretical approach to the formation of an ends-ways-means strategy and peace research. Peace is seen in the work as an ideal state, which itself, however, needs wider theoretical research. An understanding of peace theory is important for understanding the steps the European Union must take towards potential allies and systemic adversaries in order to ensure the security of its sovereignty, democracy and the lives, health and property of its citizens and residents. Positive peace is built using soft power and international cooperation. Negative peace is maintained through hard power and a strategy...
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Decision-making in lack of resources in the health care system during mass casualties and disasters
Šeblová, Jana ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Štica, Petr (referee)
Decision-making in lack of resources in the health care system during mass casualties and disasters The thesis discusses the ethics of decicion-making in the situation of the lack of material and personnel resources during managing mass casualties and disasters. The overview of basics of disaster medicine, prinicples of crisis preparedness and management of mass casualties are presented in the introduction. Basic terms are explained here: types of mass casualties, phases of reaction, immediate response services, and special attention is dedicated to explanation of medical triage during normal and extreme circumstances. The second part of the thesis deals with ethical theories related to disaster medicine. Deontology, consequentialism, utilitarism, ethics of biomedical principles, virtue ethics, justice and the concept of human rights, communitarism and care ethics are analysed. COVID-19 pandemic was chosen as a reference event. It is presented as a case report focusing on decision-making concerning allocation of scarce resources in the health care system. Guidelines for ethical decision-making during the critical phases of pandemic that were created in the years 2020-2021 are analysed. Some possible activities for improvement of crisis preparedness for future challenges of disaster medicine are...
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Charity as the fundamental characteristic of the Christian behaviour. New Testamental perspective
Mlčoch, Jan ; Ryšková, Mireia (advisor) ; Scarano, Angelo (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of "Mercy from the point of view of the New Testament". By the method of analysis of each relevant pericope - from the canonical Gospels and the letters of the Apostles Paul and James - and by pointing out the importance of the theme in the teaching of the last three Popes, the aim of this thesis is to highlight the importance and urgency of mercy in the context of present complex and turbulent times. The thesis tries to demonstrate that mercy among men is asked for by God the Creator himself and by his Son the Redeemer and Saviour. Closely related to mercy are the themes of forgiveness, grace, love and justice. Mercy is a fundamental characteristic of God's action and remains an imperative for action among men here on earth. The future on this earth is strongly dependent on upholding the values that mercy brings with it. Keywords Mercy, God the Father, Jesus Christ the Son of God, forgiveness, compassion, grace, love, pontificate, encyclical.
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Children's Songs in the context of the curriculum regarding Czech grammar-specific words
Horák, Michal ; Jiřičková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Bělohlávková, Petra (referee)
The topic of the thesis is the search for functional intercurricular links in the teaching of first grade students. Specifically, it deals with the use of the didactic potential of song in the teaching of Czech language in the context of learning grammar specific words. The theoretical part will outline the history of the folk song as a specific typological category of music in the context of artificial and non-artificial music, while focusing on the Czech songs with didactic overlap. Based on the authors experience and the literature researched for this thesis, the author will define the basic principles of song creation suitable for the didactic use at the first stage of primary school and describe the most effective ways of children's interpretation of the song and their possible pitfalls. The practical part of the thesis will offer a set of author's lyrics and recordings of simple and memorable songs processing the curriculum of the grammar specific words, and will also measure the functionality of the listed songs in a primary school class survey. The work will be complemented by a songbook with a methodological annex. The aim of the thesis is to map the area of children's songs in intercurricular links with Czech language and the topic of grammar specific words and to propose own methods in...
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Host-microbe interactions and its consequences for intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis
Kejzlarová, Leona ; Kverka, Miloslav (advisor) ; Smrž, Daniel (referee)
A number of physiological and pathological processes, including the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer, are affected by commensal microbes. However, abundance of microbes and ability to produce active metabolites in the intestine depend on environmental factors, particularly diet. Microbes can influence this process in two ways, by producing genotoxic substances that directly damage the epithelium or by stimulating the inflammatory response. The aim of my thesis was to study the interaction among gut microbiota, diet and the immune system with the subsequent influence on the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in an experimental mouse model. Animals were fed synthetic diets containing either normal amounts of animal protein (17%; KD) or elevated amounts of animal protein (51%; HPD) throughout the experiments. Two weeks after the diets were introduced, intestinal tumors were induced by administering azoxymethane (AOM) and inducing acute inflammation with 2% sodium dextran sulfate one week after AOM injection. At the end of the experiment I evaluated the number of tumors in the colon and the status of the immune response in the intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. To study the effect of macrophages, a similar experiment was performed in animals with depleted macrophages using...
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Ritual -between visual Art and Theatrical drama
Janda, Jakub ; Pfeiffer, Jan (advisor) ; Tsikoliya, Lenka (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with ritual as a link between the artistic and theatrical worlds. The theoretical part explores the broad field of rituals, which serves as a starting point for the pedagogical task. In the didactic part, the emphasis is on viewing art from the perspective of the theory of the "Gesamtkunstwerk", whereby pupils can be introduced to other topics in culture, art and history through art activities. Based on research into the field of ritual, the opera Rosenkavalier was selected as a suitable topic for didactic transformation. It is not only possible to focus on the issue of rituals, but also to explore the Baroque and Rococo periods, the reign of Maria Theresa, or to go into the field of literature through the work of Hugo von Hofmannsthal, the author of the libretto, by learning about opera as a dramatic and musical theatre form and the work of Richard Strauss, the author of the music for this opera. The author's part of the thesis focuses on the forms of drawing and its use in relation to dramatic art. KEYWORDS ritual, drama, opera, baroque, rococo, art series, drawing, performance, space, time
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