Institute of Archaeology, Prague

Institute of Archaeology, Prague 251 records found  previous11 - 20nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Methodology of processing and archiving of aerial survey data in archaeology
Gojda, Martin ; Novák, David ; Kuna, Martin ; Vavřín, P. ; Bíšková, J.
The Methodology of Processing and Archiving of Aerial Survey Data in Archaeology is one of the outputs that concludes not only the research project Archaeology from the Sky, but also one of the stages of aerial archaeology and digitization of archaeological data in the Czech Republic. Both of these areas began to develop in the Czech Republic in the early 1990s, initially independently, and over time in ever closer cooperation. These two branches of archaeological work in the Czech Republic have undergone a deeper transformation in the past decade, which has meant the creation of an institutionalised research infrastructure, the Archaeological Information System of the Czech Republic, for the field of digital documentation, and a full-fledged move towards digital technologies for data collection, preservation, analysis and presentation for aerial archaeology. Nowadays it is hard to imagine aerial survey without digital technologies and at the same time the image of the country's archaeological heritage without attractive and professionally valuable aerial images. Having learnt from the natural disasters at the Archaeological Institutes of the CAS in 2002 and 2008, we now know that digitisation is the only way to save older data, to secure them from future loss and to make them fully usable (by making them accessible to a wide range of experts and other interested parties). Leaving aside the development of proprietary technologies, which will always be a task for a narrower circle of specialists, the development of digitisation in aerial archaeology brings two main challenges for most archaeologists working in this field. The first is the conversion and description of legacy, analogue documents into digital form, as old images can contain irreplaceable information that it would be a shame to leave buried in archives and exposed to the gradual loss of their informational value. The second challenge is to recognise the demands that the advent of the information society in general brings with it, i.e. the need for greater cooperation between professionals, sharing of information and coordination of professional practices. While the entire Archaeology from the Sky project focused on the first task, this methodology offers help with the second task. Methodologies of this type are now being developed throughout Europe, but they are not yet numerous and by no means cover all areas of archaeological work. Only a methodology (“Guide to Good Practice”) prepared in 1999 by the leading British institution Archaeology Data Service has been published directly on our topic, however, it is already evident from the date of its publication that it cannot fully cover the needs of today, not to mention the specific situation of Czech archaeology and its procedures. The European Archaeological Council's 2014 manual, which was also published in Czech translation, focuses on the archiving of archaeological data, but it is general and does not address the specific issues of aerial archaeology. Of the Czech manuals, only the 2017 Methodology for the Identification of Immovable Archaeological Monuments touches our topic in a marginal way. The authors of the presented manual and the members of the expert team of the Archaeology from the Sky project are convinced that this methodology will contribute to the protection of a specific part of the archaeological heritage in the Czech Republic. We also believe that thousands of aerial archaeological images, which are already available through the AMCR Digital Archive, will soon be joined by other collections, and that this fact will contribute to the development of professional research and public interest in archaeology.
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Remote sensing and its changing ways to archaeological sites detection and mapping
Gojda, Martin
The dynamic development of remote sensing today also significantly enriches the archaeological investigation of prehistoric and historical settlement from above, especially within a heuristic approach (detection and photographic documentation of as yet unregistered areas with archaeological sources in the case of targeted aerial prospection, analysis and interpretation of orthophotographs and satellite data in the case of the use of orthophotomaps publicly available on the internet) and in the subsequent mapping and creation of plans of newly identified evidence of past settlement activities. The article provides a brief overview of technical innovations and possibilities in both mentioned steps of the research process and describes how the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences is currently processing aerial photographs (taken in 1992–2016 during aerial survey campaigns) into digital orthorectified and georeferenced maps (large areas with traces of past settlement activities visible mainly through indirect vegetation indicators) and detailed plans of individual sites, i.e., accumulations of buried anthropogenic features of prehistoric and historical origin in a small area.
Jan Eisner and the beginnings of Czech professional archaeology
Starcová, Marcela
Archaeologist Jan Eisner was working in Slovakia for 20 years (1919-1939). He led many rescue and systematic field researches and turned great attention to the protection of monuments in Slovakia. He is considered to have been a teacher of the first generation of Slovak archaeologists.
Archaeological textiles - links between past and present. NESAT XIII
Bravermanová, M. ; Březinová, Helena ; Malcolm-Davies, J.
Proceedings from the international conference NESAT XIII (North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles).
The town walls in Chrudim: thirty-six years of excavations
Frolík, Jan ; Musil, J.
Archaeological research has documented the creation of fortifications in Chrudim in the second half of the 13th century. It proved the existence of half-cylindrical towers strengthening the city wall and documented the existence of the city castle. Attention was paid to the bailey walls and the 'Prachárna' bastion. Remains of suburban fortifications were newly identified.
Archaeologia historica 51. 100 years of Czech and Slovak archaeology of Middle Ages. State castle Křivoklát 23-26 September 2019. Book of abstracts
Maříková-Kubková, Jana ; Válová, Katarína
The 51st conference Archaeologia Historica was dedicated to the centenary of the founding of the State Archaeological Institute in Prague. It was divided into topics that were devoted to the history of archaeological institutions, methodological development of medieval archaeology, long-term researched localities and important personalities of the field. In the next section, there were contributions devoted to current research.
Geophysical survey in area of abandoned medieval glass-works at cadaster Rozhled, Děčín district
Křivánek, Roman
Paper (as an appendix to archaeological paper about the site) summarizes the results of geophysical survey in area of abandoned medieval glass-works at cadaster Rozhled, Děčín district.
Geophysical survey in area of abandoned medieval glass-works at cadaster Nové Město, Teplice district
Křivánek, Roman
Paper (as an appendix to archaeological paper about the site) summarizes the results of geophysical survey in area of abandoned medieval glass-works at cadaster Nové Město, Teplice district.
Geographical Horizons of the Chronicle of the Czechs by Cosmas of Prague
Hasil, Jan
The paper presents an attempt of structural (historical-geographical) analysis of the oldest Czech mediaeval narrative, the Chronicle of the Czechs by Cosmas of Prague. Based on the spatial analysis, there are four geographical horizons recognized: a mythical, a legendary, a historical and an autooptical one.
Workforce allocation in self-sufficient economy in Late Iron Age
Olševičová, K. ; Danielisová, Alžběta
We present an abstract model of workforce allocation of the Late Iron Age self-sufficient settlement. The model enables experimenting with parameters (the ratio of strong and weak workforce, the impact of bad weather, the ratio of targeted overproduction) during the harvest season with the aim to explore the agricultural bottlenecks (short periods per year when increased labour input is needed). Results of three experiments are presented. The model is extendable and is designed to be applied in archaeological research of socio-economic collapses.

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