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The Turbulent Development of Czechoslovak Middle Eastern Policy in the Years 1948-1955
Taterová, Eva
This chapter aims to introduce and interpret the development of Czechoslovak foreign policy to the Middle East in 1948-1955 in the context of the ongoing Cold War using the case studies of Czechoslovak bilateral relations with Israel and Egypt. After the communist coup in February 1948, Czechoslovak foreign policy encountered essential changes that also influenced Czechoslovak attitudes towards the Middle East. While in the late 1940s there was an effort to maintain the existing local partnerships (e.g. the continuing support to the emerging State of Israel), the early 1950s brought a significant shift of Czechoslovak Middle Eastern policy due to the international and internal political factors. As result, Czechoslovakia started to focus on the development of close mutual relations with some Arab countries. In this sense, the year 1955 is considered a milestone regarding the Egyptian-Czechoslovak arms deal which set an important precedent for\nsimilar contracts of military cooperation between Czechoslovakia with the other regional actors.
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The Turbulent Development of Czechoslovak Middle Eastern Policy in the Years 1948-1955
Taterová, Eva
This chapter aims to introduce and interpret the development of Czechoslovak foreign policy to the Middle East in 1948-1955 in the\ncontext of the ongoing Cold War using the case studies of Czechoslovak bilateral relations with Israel and Egypt. After the communist coup in\nFebruary 1948, Czechoslovak foreign policy encountered essential changes that also influenced Czechoslovak attitudes towards the Middle\nEast. While in the late 1940s there was an effort to maintain the existing local partnerships (e.g. the continuing support to the\nemerging State of Israel), the early 1950s brought a significant shift of Czechoslovak Middle Eastern policy due to the international and\ninternal political factors. As result, Czechoslovakia started to focus on the development of close mutual relations with some Arab countries.\nIn this sense, the year 1955 is considered a milestone regarding the Egyptian-Czechoslovak arms deal which set an important precedent for\nsimilar contracts of military cooperation between Czechoslovakia with the other regional actors.
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The Transformation of Czech Pre-November Alternative Rock Music in the 1990s
Fikarová, Lucie
This study focuses on the key contemporary trends that both positively and negatively influenced the transformation of the alternative rock scene in the 1990s. Particular attention is paid to external factors (e.g. music management, commercionalization), while internal factors (personal development of the participants) are not neglected. By analysing contemporary music magazines, interviews and oral history research (involving music publicists, music industry representatives and musicians), the author traces the influence of these factors on the transformation of the environment under consideration.
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Appreciated Officer, Unloved Commander. Bedřich Neumann and the Czechoslovak Army
Maršálek, Zdenko
Bedřich Neumann's career as a professional officer began as a Czechoslovak Legionnaire during the First World War. In the interwar army he was not one of the highhest-top generals, but he was one of the most respected experts of the “upper middle management” of the army. A steep career culminated during the Second World War with his activities first in the Resistance at Home and then with the Czechoslovak Army-in-Exile. He became one of the main targets of Communist propaganda seeking to weaken the position of the London government-in-exile, and the rise of the Communists in 1945 brought his career to a halt. After emigrating in 1948, Neumann – for the third time – became actively involved in the foreign struggle for freedom and independence of his homeland. However, the outstanding theorist and staff officer is still not appreciated even until today, and the effects of targeted slander and the denigration of communist propaganda in particular still linger on his memory.
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Capturing of the Occupied Borderland in Czech Culture
Bednařík, Petr
The study focuses on the area of the Moravian and Silesian borderlands in the period before, during and after the Second World War. It shows how Czech literature, cinematography and television production captured the history of this territory. Follows Czech culture from the years after the Second World War to the present day.
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Czech Ethnography in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. At the Crossroads of Slavic Studies, Regionalism and Heimatschutzbewegung - an Attempt at an Insight into a Seldom Researched Topic
Ducháček, Milan
The aim of this contribution is to map the dilemmas that Czech ethnographers were facing in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. With the end of the Czech-Slovak consensus on co-existence in a common, unitary state, the étatist, and later defensive ethos of Czechoslovak ethnography of the 1930s lost its foundation and argumentation basis. Similarly, too, after the Munich Agreement 1938 and quite definitively after the Nazi occupation, the notions of unity, purity and distinctive character of the ‘Slavic’ culture of ‘Czechoslovak state nation’ faced its ideological and methodological limitations. The present study emphasizes the continuity of problems that plagued the interwar Czechoslovak ethnography, including understaffing of Czechoslovak ethnography due to limitations of university policy at Czechoslovak universities in Prague, Brno and Bratislava. The article presents an analysis of institutional and academic foundation of ethnography after the closing of Czech universities on 17 November 1939. It describes both the conceptual and personnel continuity of care for regional cultural heritage in the 1930s. It also touches upon the ambivalent nature of documentary activities of the Ethnographic Commission of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts. Alongside with the orientation on general anthropology, including its racial aspects, the activities of Czech ethnographers during the occupation tended to focus on documentation of vernacular architecture. In this regard they also joined forces with architects and urban planners on projects that linked the idea of modernization of the countryside with efforts aimed at preserving its ‘traditional’ character in the spirit of the German Heimatschutzbewegung. This direction, as well as other impulses and motifs from the Protectorate era, were then further developed in the ethnographic ‘revival’ of the second half of the 1940s, which - paradoxically enough - resonated both with ‘new Slavic policy’ after 1945 and, to some extent, even with the subsequent Sovietization of the field.
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