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Václav Smyčka, Psychoanalysis before psychoanalysis? Late Enlightenment interest in the unconscious and trauma
Smyčka, Václav
This study deals with the understanding of trauma, neurosis and the unconscious in psychological narratives and case studies during the late Enlightenment in the Czech lands, focusing on the texts of the philosopher, writer and naturalist Gottfried Immanuel Wenzel and the writer Christian Heinrich Spiess. It shows that the interest of these authors in these phenomena did not so much stem from emerging Romanticism as from the empirical Enlightenment teaching on the soul, and often from surprisingly archaic theories such as the Aristotelian concept of the soul and memory and the mechanical notion of the functioning of nerve fibres, based on the principle of vibration. In particular, Wenzel combined his reflections on neuroses with his research into dreams, displaced thoughts and the principles behind dream imagery, thus anticipating some of the theses of psychoanalysis.
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Wandering off after Libuše, or the Identities of Josef Jiří Kolár
Futtera, Ladislav
This study analyses three works by the writer and playwright Josef Jiři Kolar: the German-language short story Libussa am Missisippi (Libuše in Mississippi, 1842), its Czech version Libuše v Americe (Libuše in America, 1854) and the drama Věštba Libušina (Libuše’s Prophecy, 1868). These are used as an example to demonstrate Kolar’s artistic development and changes in the identity of a writer working in the Czech lands around the mid-19th century. During the period under review, Kolar, who in 1842 had been an actor in German and Czech ensembles at the Estates Theatre, publishing in both languages, came to be an acclaimed Czech-language playwright. This career is faithfully reflected in these three texts. In the case of Libuše in Mississippi, this is an original attempt to critically come to terms from the position of the Young Bohemia (Junges Bohmen) artistic group with the heritage of romantic poetics, romantic stereotypes about the Czech lands and ultimately with the romantic nationalism of the Czech national movement. Although Kolar made a number of alterations when rendering the novel into Czech, his text was not compatible with the mythological-historical reading of the Libuše legend, dominant in Czech-language culture. It was not until Libuše’s Prophecy, staged to mark the laying of the foundation stones for the National Theatre, that he did conform. Kolar negated both of his previous Libuše texts with her message, which appealed to the historicism that pervaded Czech society. However, this negation also meant a definitive artistic identification with the Czech national programme and the acceptance of a Czech national identity. With regard to his creative trajectory, Kolar may thus be perceived as a typical representative of the generation of artists who began their career in the early 1840s, critically addressing Romanticism and Romantic nationalism, but after the 1848 revolution its members integrated, both on the Czech and the German side, into the nationalized bourgeois society of the Czech lands.
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Journeys to 'I'. Manifestations of individualism in Czech culture of the 19th century
Piorecká, Kateřina ; Bendová, Eva ; Hrdina, Martin
Kniha přináší příspěvky ze 41. ročníku plzeňského mezioborového sympozia, věnovaného manifestacím individualismu v průběhu „dlouhého“ 19. století. Otázky spojené se sebereflexí, sebeprezentací či sebeuskutečněním rezonovaly různým způsobem ve světě mužů a žen z řad měšťanstva, dělnictva i aristokracie. Autoři studií věnují pozornost vyhraněným osobnostem a leckdy složitému hledání a vymezování jejich pozice ve společnosti – vůči ideologickým projektům, uměleckým konvencím apod. Problematika individualismu je v publikaci obsahující obrazovou přílohu nahlížena z perspektivy historie, filozofie a různých uměnověd.
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“Tis beautiful in the spa towns, since one finds much pleasure there for one´s health to suit one´s tastes.” The Spa Town Topos in Czech Literature in the 19th Century
Fránek, Michal
Spa towns represented a space where the middle and higher classes could take in the relaxing effects of various healing procedures but they were also important locations for making social contacts, having fun and enjoying leisurely activities not the last of which included lovers´ trysts. Our essay attempts to examine how these aspects of spa town life appeared in Czech journalism of the time (B. Němcová, J. Neruda), in literary fiction (A. V. Šmilovský, I. Klicpera, T. Nováková, F. X. Svoboda etc.) and in the opera (L. Janáček: Fate). The work also monitors how Czech and German competition and efforts to create their own, purely Czech spa town of Luhačovice, figures in literary representations.
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Rhyme in 16th-Century Hungarian Historical Songs: A Pilot Study
Maróthy, S. ; Seláf, L. ; Plecháč, Petr
This article presents a computer-based stichometric analysis of 26 Hungarian historical songs from the 16th century. We explore the validity of comments made by Albert Szenci Molnár in 1607 about the poor quality and simplicity of stanza structures in the poetry of previous generations. The study shows how rhyming changed in this poetic genre between 1539 and 1598. In this respect, it is the first work to explore these changes through a quantitative analysis. We find that during the examined period, there was a marked decline in the frequency of rhymes based on the repetition of the same word. At the same time, the tendency to maintain a rhyme across multiple stanzas did not change significantly.
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On the Geishas from Vršovice. Hloucha's Dab of the Exotic as a Contribution to Types of Entertainment Offered by the Capital City
Kořínková, Lucie ; Kořínek, Pavel
Příspěvek pojednává o takzvané japonské čajovně, kterou na pražském holešovickém výstavišti u příležitosti Jubilejní výstavy v roce 1908 provozovali bratři Joe a Karel Hlouchovi. Autoři se domnívají, že tento podnik přitahoval své hosty nejen nabídkou občerstvení, ale stejnou měrou, ne-li více, také příslibem exotického zážitku, modelovaného po vzoru podobných atrakcí v západních zemích. Text sleduje, jakým způsobem byla tato exotická atrakce konstruována, a zasazuje ji do kontextu díla a podnikatelských aktivit japonofila a autora sentimentálních románů o Japonsku Joe Hlouchy. Nastiňuje také, jak tato atrakce souvisela s dobovým obrazem Japonska na Západě obecně, se společenskou módou japanismu a s tím, jak se tyto odrážely v zábavě středostavovských společenských vrstev. Na citacích z humoristických a publicistických článků o čajovně studie ukazuje, že návštěvníci si byli umělosti „hry na Japonsko“ částečně vědomi, aniž by to ovšem zcela kazilo jejich radost z „exotického zážitku“.
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