Dysregulácia imunitnej odpovede u diabetu mellitu 1. typu

Paračková, Zuzana

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with multifactorial aetiology that involves an attack of self-reactive cytotoxic CD8 lymphocytes on insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. In the T1D pathophysiology, both innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms cooperate in the development of inflammation leading to autoimmune destruction. Autoreactive T lymphocytes are the canonical destructors of the beta cells, and B cells produce autoantibodies; the innate immunity cells are considered the initiators of the pathological autoimmune reaction by promoting T and B cell activation. Here, we provide evidence of both innate and adaptive immunity cell types dysregulation in patients with T1D, and that these changes occur before the onset of the disease. The changes in T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs) and B cell subpopulations occur already in asymptomatic T1D first-degree relatives. During the first year after the onset of the disease, there is a gradual decrease in the neutrophil numbers in the periphery, which probably infiltrate the pancreas. We have focused more closely on the innate immunity dysregulation and its contribution to T1D pathogenesis. Initially, we describe that neutrophil products called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are able to induce IFNγ-producing T cells through...

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